FUN FACTS RE SCOTCH WHISKY
Fun facts 2501-5400 are posted at this link. There are other links to Fun Facts 01-2500. Sequentially, the first lot is at this link, dated 14 March 2017. The sequel to that short list is here, at this link, dated 05 Sep 2019. The third lot is at this link, dated 19 July 2021. The fourth post is at this link, dated 11 March 2022.
5401: Bon Accord is something of a Frankenstein distillery – established using the stills and vessels of the failed Union Glen distillery, transported into the shell of the former brewery next door.
“Bon Accord,” or “good agreement” – was the Watchword of the Scots on that wintry night in the old Churchyard, when the English were attacked by the townspeople in the time of Bruce, Feb-August 1296 CE. Without this password, they would not have been able to distinguish friends from foes.
The distillery was hit by three fires and was able to recover from the first two. The third, in 1885, was extensive and the distillery dropped shutters. The distillery and its assets were acquired by Dailuaine-Talisker which operated it under the name North of Scotland until its closure for good in 1912-13.
In 2013 the distillery and the firm were bought by Harvey’s of Edinburgh with Taiwanese backing.
Diageo announced a first-of-its-kind 90% paper-based bottle trial for Johnnie Walker Black Label exclusively on 24 Sep 2025
This will be the second paper-based bottle trial from Diageo, following the success of the Baileys paper-based bottle mini format (80ml) trial, using a similar Dry Molded Fibre innovation at the Time Out Festival in Barcelona earlier this year.
The trial bottle is made from 90% paper and a very thin plastic liner. The innovative technology makes the paper-based bottle approximately 60% lighter, with initial external life cycle analysis on the prototype showing an up to 47% potential reduction in carbon emissions, compared to the Johnnie Walker Black Label glass bottle equivalent. The bottle closure was developed in collaboration with PulPac, Setop DIAM and PA and is made from a unique combination of cork and similar Dry Molded Fibre paper technology as the bottle. It is only intended for use during the trial and excluded from calculations.
The bottle for this test is designed considering recyclability among other aspects. The plastic liner is designed to not require consumer or bartender disassembly, as it is not attached or bonded to the outer paper layer, assisting recycling facilities to separate without disrupting the recycling process.
The stopper used for trial purposes is not recyclable; alternative solutions are in development, however.
Beyond paper-based solutions, the brand introduced Johnnie Walker Blue Label Ultra, the word’s lightest 70 Cl whisky glass bottle, weighing just 180g without the stopper on 13 Sep 24, the result of years of experimentation and innovation.
Only 888 bottles will be ever produced. A limited number of these limited-edition bottles will be released for sale in 2025 in selected markets worldwide (RRP £1000).
Along with external glass makers, the brand rethought all aspects of how the bottle is designed, made and transported: from hand-blowing the glass, to using a teardrop shape which, for the first time ever, meant reforming the iconic Johnnie Walker square bottle.
Johnnie Walker Princes Street, the World’s Leading Spirit Tourism Experience, is inviting guests to discover Johnnie Walker x Scott Naismith, a Generative AI-powered experience that allows guests to co-design a personalised bottle of Johnnie Walker Blue Label. Only available at the Edinburgh venue, the experience ran from August 1-31 2024, and is believed to be the first ever to combine world-class Scotch whisky, art, and AI.
The experience is powered by ‘Project Halo’, a Diageo Breakthrough Innovation that allows brands and consumers to co-create personalised label designs/product artwork. The technology, powered by Generative AI, empowers consumers to co-create designs on Diageo products in a way that is bespoke to them and relevant to the worlds they are passionate about.
While most, but not all of the US uses the spelling whiskey, The US Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau always uses the 'whisky' sans the 'e'.
Scotland’s first large distillery, Ferintosh, founded in the 1660s and owned by Duncan Forbes of Culloden, produced the nation’s first brand of whisky of the same name.
The distillery, located in Ross-shire, was burned to the ground in the Jacobite insurrection of 1689. Forbes rebuilt Ferintosh, which by the 1760s accounted for four major whisky distilleries coexisting on one property. Ferintosh was one of Scotland’s first industrial complexes and proved to be a forerunner of modern whiskies.
On May 1, 1707, the Seat of Scottish government was relocated to London. Scotland’s private distillers were hit badly; increased excise duties now extended to them. From May 1707, legislation on the taxation and regulation of whisky and whisky distilling accelerated at an alarming pace.
Scotland produced 264,000 gallons of legal whisky that same year in licensed distilleries like those operated by the Haig and Stein families in 1781.
On the heels of the implementation of the landmark Illicit Distillation (Scotland) Act of 1822 and the Excise Act of 1823, 79 new stills were commissioned between 10 October 1823 and 09 August 1824.
The number of licensed distilleries in operation grew from 111 in 1823 to 263 by 1825.
For the Highland smugglers, the sharp increase in legal malt distilleries in the Highlands in the 1820s and early 1830s plus the steep penalties imposed by the two Acts (1822 and 1823) collapsed Scotland’s once-thriving whisky smuggling industry. With the glut by 1835, of cheap legal whisky, the majority of illicit distillers admitted defeat & shut down their bothies.
In 1750 Archibald Buchanan purchased Auchentorlie Estate, just a few miles west of Loch Lomond on the banks of the river Clyde and with it, a brewery called Littlemill.
Littlemill was converted to a distillery in 1772, Scotland’s oldest, and started making whisky at that site.
On the 2nd of November 1773, local Justice of the Peace records for Dumbarton show that ‘Robert Muir of Littlemiln’, an employee, was granted the first ever licence by the Government of King George the 3rd to “…retail ale, beer and other excisable Liquors.”
There were nine owners between 1772 and 1857 when the Hay family took over and brought in some stability.
In 1823, Mrs Jane Macgregor became one of the first female licensees in Scotland.
Blenders Charles Mackinlay and J&G Thompson owned it briefly up to 1931.
Littlemill used triple distillation to produce whisky.
American owner Duncan Thomas (post 1931) stopped triple distillation and installed new hybrid stills with pot still bodies and rectifying heads, allowing a number of different characters to be produced.
In 1959, Chicago-based Barton Brands took a stake in Thomas’ Littlemill Distillery Co. The injection of capital allowed the firm to build the Loch Lomond distillery.
Barton Brands bought out Thomas in 1971, producing three different expressions: Littlemill itself, a lightly-peated variant, Dunglass, and a heavily-peated one, Dumbuck.
In 1992, Littlemill was bought by Glen Catrine Bonded Warehouse Ltd, which had bought Loch Lomond in 1986.
The stills were taken to Loch Lomond and the distillery dismantled and sold to developers.
The Littlemill shipyards opened on the ground known as Frisky Hall Orchard belonging to the distillery. It was active for a total of 128 years, closing in 1979.
Port Ellen distillery is reputed as being the first to have incorporated Mr Septimus Fox’s spirit safe design into the distillation process (this process made it easier to control the quality of spirits during distillation).
Port Ellen also was the first distillery to trade with North America.
The founder of Port Ellen is even credited with starting the use of bonded warehouses, a system that is still in use today.
According to the most recent statistics provided by SWA, India has surpassed France to grab the top spot as the UK’s largest Scotch whisky market in terms of volume, with imports increasing by 60% in 2022 over the previous year.
Today’s Chivas Regal 12 YO was first blended in 1954 by Charles Julian, the preeminent Master Blender of J&B, who was hijacked by Bronfman in 1950. This blend was quite different from the 1939 version first produced in the USA. Chivas Regal 12 YO 2023 is very different from Chivas Regal 12 YO 2009.
Chivas Regal 12 YO sold at $8.00 per 750 ml bottle, vs the $3.5-5.0 for lesser whiskies, in the USA in 1939.
The figures quoted show India imported 219 million bottles of Scotch in 2021, compared to France’s 205 million, an increase of more than 200% over the previous ten years. However, Scotch whisky only makes up 2% of the Indian whisky market, despite the double-digit volume increase. The SWA cited hefty tariffs as the cause.
For the first time, India outpaced China to become the second-biggest market by sales for Pernod Ricard during its fiscal year ended June 2024. Their bestsellers in India are Longitide 77, Chivas Regal, Ballantine’s and Glenlivet.
A third of the 30 fastest growing spirits brands in the world are Indian, according to the latest report by Drinks International. Six out of the top ten whisky brands too are from India, a market where the brown spirit controls nearly two-thirds of the overall spirits market.
The top ten bestselling Scotch Whisky brands in 2022 were Johnnie Walker, Ballantine’s, Chivas Regal, Grant’s, Black & White, Dewar’s, William Lawson’s, J&B, William Peel and White Horse.
The top ten in the following year were Johnnie Walker, Ballantine’s, Chivas Regal, Grant’s, William Lawson’s, J&B, Black & White, Dewar’s, Label 5 and William Peel. The Glenlivet Single Malts came in at 13th and Glenfiddich at 14th.
The 20 Most Popular Scotch Whisky Brands in the World for 2024 (9 litre cases) were : Johnnie Walker (22.1 million cases), Ballantine’s (8.2), Chivas Regal (4.6), Grant’s (4.4), William Lawson’s (3.4), Dewar’s (3.3), Black & White (3.2), William Peel (2.7), J&B (2.5), Label 5 (2.4), Buchanan’s (2.4), Sir Edward’s (1.9), White Horse (1.8), 100 Pipers (1.8), Glenfiddich (1.7), Passport (1.5), Teacher’s Highland Cream (1.4), The Glenlivet (1.4), Bell’s (1.3) and Old Parr (1.3).
Between 1949 and 1975, the volume of pure alcohol (LPA) manufactured rose from 22.113 million litres in 1949 to 102.94 in 1965, crossing the 200 million threshold in 1974 (234.27 million). During this period of production increase, stocks were low, in particular for matured whisky. The situation for aged whiskies was of serious concern for blenders until the mid-‐1950s, since the industry was already short of whiskies older than 5 years of age at the start of WWII, as a result of the low production in the 1930s.
It was not rare for a parcel of whisky bought in 1939 for £40,000 to be sold for £4.5 million in 1943.
The Customs and Excise Act of 1945 allowed brewing and distilling to be done in parallel, and thus, increased the production capacity of the malt distilleries.
In the Act of 1952 it was specified that only whisky manufactured in Scotland could be called Scotch. Until then, some distilleries were still mixing Irish and Scotch whiskies and selling them as “Scotch”.
As a consequence of the WWII and the restrictions on distilling, the amount of proof gallons of malt whisky distilled decreased rapidly from 10.7 million proof gallons in 1939 to nil in 1943 before increasing progressively to pre-war levels in 1949 and stabilising around 12 million proof gallons between 1950 and 1954. The production volume for grain volume followed the same trends.
In early 1940, the manufacture of spirits was limited to 1/3 of the quantities distilled in the year ending September 30th. This was to ensure food supplies for the British population.
Manufacture of grain whisky ceased in 1940 apart from an amount decreed necessary to complete the balance.
For the malt distilleries, the volume in 1942 was limited to 1/3 – 10%. The following year, they were only allowed to complete unused balance. In 1944, distilleries were allowed to resume production to 1/3 of the 1939 volumes.
In addition, to the reduction of production, several distilleries were bombed (e.g., Caledonian and Banff distilleries) resulting in estimated losses of 4.5 millions proof gallons, the equivalent of 1 year of war production.
In 1970, the USA represented 42% of the world market for Scotch.
The rationing imposed by the Scotch Whisky Association between 1940 and 1953 was lifted wef 01 January, 1954.
In 2008, a Russian-financed firm bought Glenglassaugh distillery, refurbished the long-closed plant and restarted production. The distillery began producing experimental spirits with a focus on expressions with no age statement, notably “The Spirit Drink That Dare Not Speak Its Name” and “The Spirit Drink that Blushes To Speak Its Name.” Neither of those bottles were whiskies, but mashes of malted barley that were fermented, distilled twice, and bottled at 50% ABV without ageing. The latter spent six months maturing in red wine casks, imparting a rose-colored hue to the spirit, admittedly strange spirits to come out of a Scotch distillery.
Moët Hennessy Travel Retail opened their 1st Glenmorangie boutique at Heathrow Airport in Oct.2023 with Dufry.
Glenmorangie’s Nectar D’Or 12 YO first went NAS ~2018 and reappeared two years later. Today, it has become The Glenmorangie Nectar 16 Years Old.
Glenmorangie Tuiga 25 YO Single Cask was an extremely limited edition brought out to honour the yacht Tuiga.
Tuiga's story began in 1909, when she was crafted at William Fife's renowned boatyard, on Scotland's Firth of Clyde. In 1995 she was acquired by the Yacht Club de Monaco, presided over by Prince Albert II of Monaco. She was meticulously restored, so that she could race again as the club’s flagship.
The Scottish Government set ambitious net zero emissions targets, so novel production methods are evolving for whisky. New projects to decarbonise the industry powered by green hydrogen are gaining traction and offer an exciting future for this historic industry.
Scotland's massive whisky industry requires huge amounts of energy. Scotland’s 148 distilleries consume around 3.7 terawatt hours (TWh) of energy every year. Project WhiskHy is paving the way.
India imported whisky of $278.47 million from April to November 2022–23, compared to $199.02 million for the entire FY22.
Distilling came from the Middle East, and began as a medicinal interest, with highly skilled polymaths working on the creation of the alembic still.
Blair Athol’s ancient source of water is the Allt Dour – in Gaelic “the burn of the otter”, which flows through the grounds from the slopes of Ben Vrackie.
Dalwhinnie is the highest and coldest working distillery in Scotland, with water from a loch at 2000 feet, Lochan an Doire Uaine – "Loch of the green thicket" – a gathering of pure snowmelt and rainwater high in the Drumochter Hills.
When it was purpose-built in 1897, the distillery was first called Strathspey.
At the end of the 18th century, John Bald’s Carsebridge was considered one of the largest manufacturers of whisky in Scotland, alongside the might of the Haigs and the Steins.
Noticing increasing demand for grain whisky for blending, John II converted Carsebridge into a grain distillery in 1852, installing two Coffey stills. Carsebridge immediately became one of the largest producers of grain whisky in Scotland, second only to Edinburgh’s Caledonian.
In 1856 he ensured John Bald & Co was part of a ‘Trade Arrangement for one year’ among the six largest grain distillers – Caledonian, Carsebridge, Seggie, Glenochil, Cambus and Haddington.
A second agreement followed in 1865, this time with the addition of Adelphi and Yoker distilleries, Cameronbridge, which replaced Seggie, and Port Dundas, which replaced Haddington.
Originally known as Tochieneal, Inchgower distillery was built near Cullen, by local factor, Alexander Wilson.
In 1929, the creation of J&B Rare was put in jeopardy when Eddie Tatham, a Director of J & B, was arrested at Grand Central Station carrying a briefcase full of samples after taking orders from wealthy clients in Prohibition-era America.
Legend has it that longtime manager Roderick Mackenzie thought the environment so important to the taste of Linkwood, he forbade the removal of spiders’ webs from the rafters in case the character were to change. Great care is still taken to maintain its high standards, though the cobwebs have been removed.
Established in 1823 during an age of great achievement, Mortlach was the first legal distillery in Dufftown, the heart of Speyside.
A 190-year secret amongst whisky epicureans across the globe, Mortlach has been nicknamed 'The Beast of Dufftown' for its robust, muscular and rich character created from the very unique 2.81 distillation process - a magnificent feat unto itself.
Opened in 1975, Pittyvaich was one of the shortest-lived current generation era distilleries ever built in Speyside; the innocent victim of industry restructuring, it closed in 1993 through no fault of its whisky and has long since been demolished. Unsurprisingly, its pleasing single malt has never been widely available, though it has been proven to age well; none younger than 25 years of age remains.
Strathmill is a distillery on the banks of the river Isla. Originally built as a corn mill named Strathisla Mills in 1823 by A. G. Johnstone, it was converted to a distillery in 1891 during the Victorian whisky boom and renamed Glenisla-Glenlivet. WA Gilbey & Son acquired the building in 1895 and gave it the name Strathmill – probably because parts of the old mill remained intact.
Strathmill distillery is one of three distilleries in the Moray town of Keith at the heart of "Malt Whisky Country". Two, Strathisla and Glen Keith, are owned by Chivas Bros (part of the Pernod Ricard group) and the third, Strathmill by Diageo since 1997, who operate it for the production of blends such as J&B whisky.
The oldest expression in The Glenlivet family is the 55YO Eternal Collection First Edition. Costs $55,000 too.
January 2024 saw the kicking-off of The Glenlivet’s 200th anniversary festivities with the launch of a 12 Year Old Special Edition expression and ending with the November launch of the 55YO Eternal Collection First Edition.
Since the conflict began, direct exports of Scotch whisky to Russia have decreased by 54%.
Major whisky brands like Edrington, Chivas Brothers, and Diageo withdrew their products from the Russian market in response to the invasion.
India aiming to ship US$ 1 Billion INR 8,000 cr worth of alcoholic beverages since the sanctions were first imposed up to 2025.
Diageo India (United Spirits Ltd.) is set to launch 'Godawan', a single-malt whisky made in Rajasthan, in the United Kingdom.
Indri Single Malt Indian Whisky: Won the 2024 USA Spirit Rating Awards' "Whisky of the Year" and "Single Malt Whisky of the Year" titles. It also won a gold medal and was named one of the top 15 whiskies at the 2024 International Whisky Competition.
Indri Founders Reserve 11YO Wine Cask won a 'Gold Medal' at the San Francisco World Spirits Competition, the highest age statement on an Indian whisky yet.
In the Best World Whisky category at the International Whisky Competition 2024, all six prizes were won by Kavalan Distillery, Taiwan.
Although still standing and in good nick for a silent distillery, Parkmore Distillery was in operation for ~35 years. During that time its whisky was used for blending, and was a likely constituent of James Watson & Co’s Baxter’s Barley Bree, Watson’s No. 10 and Dewar’s for a period.
Parkmore was sold to Dundee whisky merchant and blender James Watson & Co, which had also picked up Glen Ord distillery in 1896 and went on to purchase Pulteney in Wick in 1920. James Watson & Co was itself acquired by Buchanan-Dewar and John Walker & Sons in 1923. The deal included Parkmore, Pulteney and Glen Ord distilleries as well as eight million gallons of whisky stocks, ‘one of the most important stocks of old whisky in the country’.
Phopochy distillery was licensed to Alexander McCullum in 1821 and it operated until 1830. However, further details are not available, except that it lay west of Inverness in Speyside.
Cambusbarron was a Stirlingshire distillery with a long history, also known as Glenmurray and St Thomas’s Well.
Cambusbarron Lowland distillery is one of the earliest distilleries on record.
Stirling distillery is one of many lost distilleries in the Lowland Stirling area, but one of the few operated by a woman.
Stirling distillery was founded in 1816 by Thomas Littlejohn and survived until 1852, though it was silent for 20 of those years. During the time it was active, Stirling was licensed to five successive distillers, and finally closed under Catherine Laing.
Ardmore Distillery was first founded next to Lagavulin on Islay, but shut down for good in 1821.
5501. In 1898, Adam Teacher, son of Glasgow blender William Teacher, decided that the family firm needed its own malt whisky distillery and built one in the Highlands region East of Speyside, naming it Ardmore.
Ardmore has remained in the Teacher’s stable ever since, providing smoke and also top notes to a blend which still sells over a million cases globally (its main markets today are India and Brazil).
Ardmore was created only to supply Teacher's Blended Scotch whiskies. Now it has a few single malts in the market, its 40% ABV NAS peated expression is a high-selling version in India. The rest of its single malts are un-chill-filtered at 46% ABV, with one 12 YO.
The peat in Ardbeg Hypernova is not from Islay.
Oban’s still house, like that of Royal Lochnagar's, points to it being a heavy, sulphury site. The stills are onion-shaped and condensing takes place in worm tubs. They do not run every day. In fact, Oban produces significantly less than it could. The reason for this is to retain its character.
Oban’s make is light rather than heavy, and that means a lot of copper contact is needed – tricky in a small still/wormtub site. The solution – as with Royal Lochnagar – is to run the worms hot which extends the amount of copper available and also to open the doors of the stills after distillation to allow oxygen to rejuvenate the copper.
Royal Warrants had expirations, which may explain why some of the Warrants first granted to certain vendors appeared to be renewed. Changes in shop ownership likewise brought the issuance of updated appointments.
“Purveyor of Grocery to Her Majesty in Ordinary;” Stewart & Chivas (James Chivas) was registered in the Aberdeen Post Office Directory as “Grocers to Her Majesty” in 1843. Chivas Brothers were instructed to remove the Royal Warrant from Chivas Regal by Dec 1975.
In 1850, George and John Gordon Smith leased another property, Delnabo, located near Tomintoul and renamed the distillery thereon as Cairngorm-Delnabo and began working it to supplement the volume of Drumin Glenlivet.
In 1858, the Drumin Glenlivet Distillery sustained significant damage from a fire. In early 1859, operations at Cairngorm-Delnabo were shut down. Workers moved salvageable equipment from Drumin Glenlivet and Cairngorm-Delnabo to a spacious new building, The Glenlivet Distillery at Minmore, Banffshire.
In 1780, the Stevenson brothers (John and Hugh) bought the island of Belnahua from the Duke of Argyll and in 1793 laid out what is today’s Oban. They first built a brewery. A year later there is a record of distillation taking place, though the first official record only dates from 1799.
Talisker’s founders, brothers Hugh and Kenneth MacAskill were classic Clearance landlords. Having bought the tack [rent] of Talisker House on Skye and extensive lands in 1825, they set about forcibly shifting the resident population from their farms, either to new settlements at Carbost and Portnalong on the shores of Loch Harport and Portnalong, or off the island entirely.
Talisker stopped triple distillation in 1928. It has been a mystery ever since as to what style was made, but Diageo’s boffins believe it could explain the unusual configuration of the stills – two wash stills and three spirit.
Talisker has retained the five Still set-up and continues to produce a highly individual new make which mixes smoke, fruit, sulphur, salt and pepper. The malt is medium-peated, the worts clear, and the fermentation long.
Glenfiddich was the first single malt to use containers.
The distinctive triangular bottle used by Grant’s was designed by Hans Schleger, a refugee from Nazi Germany, to show off the colour of the whisky – and to allow for easy packing. Any number of experts have added their errant two-bit theories behind the shape.
Cutty Sark was created by London wine merchant Berry Bros & Rudd as a lighter blend to appeal to American consumers during prohibition – but its distinctive yellow label was originally a printer’s error.
In the 1950s, Aultmore distillery was known to be a leader in animal feed. The feed was based on draff which is a by-product of whisky and they were known to be pioneers in this.
Aultmore is also given the approbation Foggy Moss. The “Foggy Moss” part is essentially homage to the area where the distillery is situated which is typically shrouded in a thick fog (primarily because this was an industrial area). The fog is in fact known to be so dense and widespread that it not only cloaks the boggy moor where the distillery stands, but also the surrounding village.
In 1923 it became part of the John Dewar & Sons estate and has remained so ever since. In fact, so highly prized is it as a blending malt that it is said that when Bacardi was in the process of buying Dewar’s from Diageo, it was willing to walk away from the deal if Aultmore wasn’t included.
In 1835, Brackla was the first Scotch to be granted a Royal Warrant and the rights to call itself Royal Brackla. This seal of approval from King William IV led to Brackla being known as ‘The King’s Own Whisky’.
Royal Brackla remained a quiet producer of malt for blending until 2014, when Dewar’s announced that a five-strong range of single malts would be launched in 2015, part of a company-wide programme dubbed The Last Great Malts.
Apart from Royal Brackla, the Last Great Malts include Aberfeldy, The Deveron, Aultmore and Craigellachie.
A closed Glenturret was retrofitted with the stills and mash tun from Tullibardine (which was also being refitted) and got running once more in 1960, in time to take advantage of the upturn in whisky’s fortunes. The potential in whisky tourism and soon opened a visitor centre – the second distillery to do so.
Glenturret was, for a decade, part of Rémy Cointreau (1981-1993) before joining Highland Distillers (now Edrington) who, in 2002, radically transformed the visitor centre into The Famous Grouse Experience.
In June 2018, Edrington put both Cutty Sark & Glenturret up for sale. Six months later, it was sold to Glenturret Holding, a joint venture between luxury goods business Lalique Group and Swiss entrepreneur Hansjörg Wyss, Lalique’s second-largest shareholder. The sale signalled the end for The Famous Grouse Experience in its current form and location.
2023 marks the 80th Anniversary of 617 Squadron, aka "The Dambusters". To celebrate this anniversary, Glenturret has acknowledged the squadron's Scottish heritage with their limited edition Single Malt Scotch Whisky, 70CL at 46.4% ABV.
Glen Sloy 25 Year Old: A single cask of whisky was discovered maturing in the depths of a warehouse at Tullibardine in the 1970s. Initially assumed to be forgotten Tullibardine whisky, it was later revealed that the cask was unlabelled.
Purchased by F. Bucher & Co, a Leith-based wine and spirits merchant, they bottled it under the name ‘Glen Sloy’. The 25 Year Old is unique—only one cask was found, making it the only such whisky in the world.
Pittyvach distillery was built for purely commercial purposes and was Arthur Bell & Sons’ backbone in the sudden leap in the brand’s fortunes in the 1970s when it became Britain’s top-selling blend.
Auchroisk was built in 1972 to join the Speysiders Glen Spey, Knockando and Strathmill as the stepping stone to an empire in Blended Scotch.
Auchroisk was first bottled as a single malt in 1986 and was the first to carry the prefix ‘Singleton’, a name now attached to single malts from Glen Ord, Glendullan and Dufftown.
Benrinnes Distillery is located on the lower slopes of Speyside’s sentinel mountain. ‘The Ben’ is another of those intriguing distilleries which produces a highly individual make but which – due to its demand by blenders – has never become a front-line single malt.
Benrinnes has six stills which are run in two pairs of three. For years a form of partial triple distillation was utilised to help promote a meaty/sulphury new make character. The low wines from the first distillation were split into strong and weak feints. The lower-strength portion was redistilled in the middle still and split into two again, with the stronger part [strong feints] being carried forward, the weaker being retained for the next charge. The strong feints were then mixed with the highest strength distillate from the wash still and redistilled in the spirit still.
The current site of the Benrinnes distillery is in fact its second location. The original was built in 1826 by Peter MacKenzie but was destroyed in a flood in 1829. A new site was then found by John Innes.
The Braes of Glenlivet was a major location for illicit stills in the 18th and 19th centuries, and if local rumours are true, the practice continued until relatively recently. This remote, sheltered, high pasture land was ideal for moonshining – the first road to ‘the Braes’ was only laid in the 1960s. The distillery followed in 1972.
It shares the honour of being the joint highest distillery in Scotland with Dalwhinnie.
It was built by Chivas Brothers and is a major component of Chivas Regal.
Although it sports a pagoda roof, no malting has ever taken place.
The principal expression available globally is Bell’s Original, which comprises up to 40 different malt and grain whiskies. The ‘heart malt’ of Bell’s is Blair Athol, while the Speyside malt of Dufftown and the Lowlander Glenkinchie help to shape the blend’s character, along with a quantity of Caol Ila from Islay, which adds a touch of island influence.
1896 saw the registration of Arthur Bell’s signature, which still adorns every bottle, along with the slogan ‘Afore ye go,’ which was registered in 1921 and first used four years later.
By 1970 Bell’s was Scotland’s leading blended Scotch, and in 1978 it became the best-selling blended Scotch in the UK, having seen sales grow in value by some 800% between 1970 and 1979, though it did lose its number one status to The Famous Grouse in 1980 in Scotland.
From January 1843, Andrew Usher & Company received 600 gallons of whisky per month ex George Smith at 10 shillings per gallon. Usher sold the whisky at 21 shillings per gallon.
An arrogant Usher ran print advertisements without William’s approval or prior knowledge. In a copy of the advertisement, Usher & Company describes Drumin Glenlivet as “The Real Glenlivat Whisky.” (sic)
Many whisky historians cite Usher, along with W. P. Lowrie and Charles MacKinley, as being one of the innovators who started mixing together malt whiskies from different distilleries for the express commercial purpose of discovering a style that was more accessible than the robust, cask-strength, single distillery Highland malts.
One of the oldest grocers who ventured into wine and whisky was William Hill. In 1793, he opened a licenced grocer’s shop, William Hill & Co. in Rose Street Lane in Edinburgh’s New Town. By 1799 the business had become so successful that he moved to new, grander premises on Frederick Street, where the company remained for over 200 years.
In 1838, the company, now George Hill and Co. was awarded a Royal Warrant from the newly crowned Queen Victoria.
As the company expanded a new partner, William Thompson, was appointed in 1857 and the merchant changed its name once again to Hill, Thompson & Co. Ltd. It was around this time that the company began to focus on blending and bottling its own whiskies.
In 1877 Hill, Thompson & Co. offered the role of export salesman to William Shaw. In 1902 he established the Queen Anne blend, which soon became the company’s flagship whisky.
In 1919 William Shaw’s sons, William and James, became partners in the company. They continued to drive growth and in 1970 the next generation of the family (a few years after opening a new blending and bottling plant in Midlothian), arranged a merger with The Glenlivet and Glen Grant Distilleries Ltd., and Longmorn Distillers Ltd. to form The Glenlivet Distillers Ltd.
This gave Hill, Thompson & Co. first dibs on the malt whisky stocks of the BenRiach, Caperdonich, Glen Grant, Longmorn and The Glenlivet distilleries to use in its blends.
Queen Anne was sold in over 100 countries by the 1980s, principally Sweden, Italy, Venezuela, Australasia and South America
Something Special was created around this time, a 12 YO premium blend that also became a runaway bestseller.
To preclude its perceived market clash with sister brand Chivas Regal, it was moved to Latin America, where it became the leading blended Scotch whisky.
A 15 YO version was also created, named the Something Special Legacy, which has most remained in South America.
While on a promotional tour, Thomas (Tommy) Dewar would throw empty bottles of Dewar’s overboard with reward notes inside for their finders.
The Tullymet Distillery, formerly known as the Auchnagie Distillery, was purchased by the whisky merchants John Dewar and Sons and became a key part of the Dewar's brand. It could not meet demands, so Dewar’s commissioned a new distillery, Aberfeldy in 1898. White Label blended Scotch was created in 1899.
Long fermentation has however fixed fruitiness within the spirit and this tropical/floral note emerges in the mature spirit. It’s this character: full, yet aromatic which has made Craigellachie a prized malt for blending with the result that it had to wait until 2014 to receive its promotion to the rank of front-line malts.
Craigellachie was the core malt within Mackie’s Old Smuggler and Old Gaelic brands.
The village of Craigellachie was an important hub in whisky’s history as it was here, in 1863, that the railway lines from Lossiemouth (north), Dufftown (south), Keith (east), and the Strathspey Railway (south west) met, allowing rail transport between Glasgow, Edinburgh and Perth within the region.
There are two ways in which you can get sulphurous notes in whisky. One is through the burning of Sulphur candles in casks to stop bacterial infection. Although this was once standard in Jerez with the rise of bespoke casks for the whisky industry, the practice has now been outlawed.
The second form of Sulphur comes from barley and is naturally produced during the whisky-making process. If you cut down the amount of copper available to spirit vapour, the Sulphur levels in the new make will be higher. This Sulphur disappears in time. It acts as a marker; an indication that once its cloak has been lifted a spirit will emerge either as meaty (Cragganmore, Mortlach, Benrinnes) or fragrant (Glenkinchie, Speyburn, Balblair, AnCnoc, and Craigellachie) In other words, Sulphur can be desirable.
In 1972, Macduff became part of William Lawson, the whisky arm of Martini & Rossi. It bottles Glen Deveron as its malt whisky.
The William Lawson blend was hurt badly by the sanctions on Russia.
When drinking locally, you wouldn’t ever ask for an Aultmore, but for ‘a dram of the Buckie road’. Today, its 18 and 21 YO single malts are global prize winners.
Andrew Usher, who is recognised as having made the first commercialised blend, was also an agent for Royal Brackla, the first Scotch to be granted a Royal Warrant and the rights to call itself Royal.
In October 2019, Dewar’s unveiled plans for a revamped Royal Brackla range, comprising 12-, 18- and 21-year-old expressions, bottled at a higher strength of 46% ABV and without caramel colouring, launching them in 2020.
To date, Gordon & MacPhail have released a 70-year-old Mortlach – the world’s oldest bottled single malt – and a 70-year-old Glenlivet, in 2010 and 2011 respectively.
Four generations of the Urquhart family have headed Gordon & MacPhail at its base in Elgin. At the heart of Gordon & MacPhail are its retail premises on South Street, which combine a delicatessen and wine merchant operation with The Whisky Room, where more than 1,000 malt whiskies are for sale.
Their products include Avonside Scotch Whisky, Ben Alder, Fraser's, Glen Calder, Glen Urquhart, Immortal Memory, James Gordon and Spey Cast Blended Scotch Whiskies; MacPhail's and Highland Fusilier Blended Malt Whiskies; Pride of Islay (Islay), Pride of Orkney (Island), Pride of Strathspey, Pride of the Lowlands (Lowland), Glen Avon (Highland) and Glen Gordon Highland Single Malt Scotch Whisky.
They also own the The Benromach Distillery.
Glenburgie’s sightings as a single malt are infrequent. In July 2017 Glenburgie was released as a 15-year-old single malt (alongside expressions from Glentauchers and Miltonduff) under the Ballantine’s brand.
Glenburgie was a prime component of the Old Smuggler Blended Scotch.
It used two Lomond Stills till 1981 and produced a malt known as Glencraig.
In 2004, it was demolished and a new, larger, open plan one was constructed, with a third pair of stills. It has been part of Chivas Brothers since 2005.
Glenfiddich Project XX has used 17 Bourbon barrels, two Sherry Casks and one Port pile.
The global Scotch whisky market size was valued at USD 32.72 billion in 2023. The market is projected to grow from USD 34.70 billion in 2024 to USD 57.14 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 6.43% during the forecast period. Europe dominated the scotch whisky market with a market share of 29.16% in 2023.
India Scotch Whisky Market size was valued at USD 3.8 Billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 6.8 Billion by 2033, at a CAGR of 6.3% during the forecast period 2024 – 2033.
In March 2023, Pernod Ricard and The Glenlivet launched The Goonlivet, a unique whisky that blends the finest single malt Scotch with the cultural phenomenon of the goon bag. The Goonlivet contains 1.5 litres of Glenlivet premium 12-year-old single malt in a bag. This innovative product, built on The Glenlivet's longstanding brand foundation, 'Original by Tradition,' has successfully resonated with a younger audience, extending the reach of the brand that has been producing single malt since 1824.
The global market is expanding due to the rising demand for new products from emerging markets and the desire for organic whisky among health-conscious drinkers. Moreover, with the growing emphasis on adopting premium lifestyles worldwide, consumers are gravitating toward top brands. To cater to the changing consumer behaviour, major market participants have started a trend in organic whiskies, which distinguishes themselves from conventional whisky by utilising organic barley and malt grains, avoiding artificial additives, flavours, and colours.
These organic whiskies adopt natural production methods and follow strict organic certification standards, resulting in a more authentic and sustainable whisky experience.
For instance, in September 2022, Nc’nean launched its first organic single malt whisky, which comes in a 100% recycled clear glass bottle. The new product is certified organic and is made using 100% renewable energy.
E-commerce has become an increasingly popular choice for buying alcohol over the past few years and this trend is expected to grow over the forecast period.
The blended scotch whisky segment holds the largest market share as it is the most widely consumed whisky variant due to its quality, authenticity, and rich taste. The Single Malt Scotch whisky segment, however, remains the fastest-growing segment in the market.
3 New products in the market in mid 2024 feature a Deanston single malt matured for 20 years in re-charred American oak casks, a White Heather 21 YO Blended Scotch Whisky from the Glenallachie distillery.
The White Heather 21 YO is made with a blend of malt and grain whiskies, including single malt from Glenallachie and a peated Islay single malt; matured in a combination of Pedro Ximenex and oloroso sherry puncheons, as well as Appalachian virgin oak casks.
Others include a Westie Sponge 5 Ben Nevis 1998 25 YO at 50.8% ABV/ Ardnamurchan 7 Year Old Edition No.100 at 57.1% ABV; a Kilchoman 100% Islay 14th Release at 50% ABV and a Isle of Raasay Oloroso Oak Barrique Single Cask #20/576 at 60.7% ABV, all first timers in the market.
Other new names are Linkwood 12 Year Old 2009 (cask 548158) - Folk (Fable Whisky) at 56.3% ABV and a Lochlea Harvest Edition Third Crop Whisky at 46% ABV.
Glenmorangie has introduced a COMPETITION Signet Reserve Whisky 70cl at 46% ABV with tickets costing GBP 5.00.
Predictions
- Non-age statement single malt whiskies will make a big push in the coming years as there is a shortage of aged Single malt whiskies globally. Many companies will launch Single malt whiskies with any age statement (NAS).
- Cask Finish: Most companies are going to launch whiskies that are aged in Different casks instead of the traditional Oak Cask. We will get whiskies which will be finished in rum, Sherry, Madeira, and beer casks.
- Premiumisation: Indians are moving towards premium products. The entry-level Scotch whisky market is growing at 25% annually against the premium Indian whisky market which is growing at 18%. Also, the single malt industry has grown 38% in the same year. Indians want to Drink less but drink better.
- In terms of innovation, companies are trying new grains like RYE instead of Malted barely. RYELAW by InchDairnie Distillery is one such whisky which is made only of RYE.
In the past decade since 2014, 37 new malt distilleries have begun distilling in Scotland, either distilling or due to begin distilling this year (Ardgowan, for example). More are in the pipeline beyond 2024. Brora, Rosebank and Port Ellen are also included, despite them arguably being reopened rather than strictly speaking “new”.
The biggest new distillery in terms of theoretical capacity by some margin is Dalmunach with 10,000,000 pure alcohol, litres per annum (lpa). Interestingly, as recently as two decades ago this would have made it the largest malt distillery in Scotland.
Inchdairnie is next with 4,000,000, followed by The Borders and Falkirk with 1,600,000 and 1,200,000 respectively.
All the others are either 1,000,000 or under. A number of these are yet to release any whisky to the market, but importantly their combined theoretical lpa is almost 33 million.
The largest capacity increases have been at the two industry powerhouses of Glenlivet and Glenfiddich, both doubling their theoretical output by 10,500,000 to a massive 21,000,000 lpa since 2018 and 2020 respectively. Both are running at full capacity too, which is not something one can say about many of the newer kids on the block.
Miltonduff is going from 5,800,000 litres to 16,000,000 by the middle of 2025.
In 1887, according to the public-house laws, it was illegal to sell whisky in larger quantities than a normal glass. Donald Grant, a public-house-keeper, was charged with such an offence by selling “two gills of whisky” to a farm servant. And the offense was a second one! Grant pleaded not guilty, but was found guilty on evidence and sentenced to pay £1 of a fine, with £2 14s 6d of expenses.
5601. The gill was introduced in the 14th century to measure individual servings of wine and later, spirits such as whisky. Pronounced like the girl’s name, Jill, it is a quarter of an Imperial pint. One gill = 5 imperial fluid ounces (fl. oz.), or a tad over 142 millilitres (ml.) In Great Britain, the standard single measure of spirits in a pub was one sixth of a gill (23.7 ml) in England, and one fifth of a gill (28.4 ml) in Scotland, while one quarter gill (35.5 ml) is also quite a common whisky measure in Scotland.
Soon after ascending to the throne of England in 1625, King Charles I wanted to increase taxes. And introduced a Jack (or Jackpot as it was to him!) which is actually half of a Gill in order to collect higher whisky sales taxes.
Another theory, detailed in Albert Jack’s The Secret Meanings of Nursery Rhymes is that the rhyme satires tax measures taken by King Charles I on beer/whisky – specifically reducing the volume but maintaining the cost in a Jack, which is a rather stingy eighth of a pint, and the Gill which is a quarter pint that “came tumbling after.”
A dram is a measure of whisky poured into a whisky glass. But how much is a dram precisely? It started as an apothecaries weight measure before it was used as a fluid measure and actually originated from ancient Greece. The fluid dram is defined as one-eighth of a fluid ounce and is exactly equal to 3.5516328125 millilitres. Who the heck can pour that without a measure?!
But more importantly, if the true measure of a dram is one eighth of a fluid ounce, and a Gill is 5 fluid ounces, and a measure of whisky in Scotland is one fifth of a Gill, then a "Dram" in Scotland is really 8 Drams by measure. On the other hand, if a bar keeper gave you a real dram measure, you would be awfully disappointed.
In Scotland a dram came to mean a small draught of alcohol; hence the term dram-house for the taverns where one could purchase a dram. In those days whisky was a rare luxury hence the small measure. And even though a dram does have a defined size – it does tend to get larger as the evening gets later!
A Quaich is a traditional Scottish bowl used for drinking and its name comes from the Gaelic “cuach” which means “cup”. Most people pronounce the word as ‘quake’ with a hard ‘k’, however, it’s pronounced as a more Scottish ‘ch’ sound, similar to loch.
Traditional Quaichs were carved from a single block of wood and were used across the Scottish Highlands and Islands to offer a welcoming drink to a visitor.
Whether it was presented by a clan chief or a crofter, the Quaich was a humble creation that represented friendship.
The cup is typically offered so that the receiver grasps both handles, the idea being that doing so would make it impossible for the receiver to use any weapons! Two clan chiefs would drink first from the Quaich, followed by the rest of the clans.
This sounds nice; however, glass bottom Quaichs were invented to keep an eye on rivals whilst the Quaich was being drunk from!
There is an elite club of whisky personalities called Keepers of the Quaich. To be accepted you must have been visible in the industry for at least 5 years.
They also appoint a Master of the Quaich which is a massive honour. The qualification is at least 10 years industry contribution.
Distillery workers created dipping dogs to lower into aging casks to steal whisky. Typically made of copper, dipping dogs originated in the 1800’s in Scotland.
A dipping dog would be attached to a chain or rope, secured to the workers’ belts and concealed in their trousers legs. The thieves could then easily take a drink on the job or sneak it out of the distillery.
The cylinder became known as a ‘dog’ on account of it being a man’s best friend, that never leaves your side as it was also kept on a lead.
The Copper Dog NAS 40% ABV is a blended malt named after the instrument of theft.
Between the 14th September and 6th October 1892, one William Clark stole two quarts or ten gallons of spirit from the Glenfiddich Distillery by drilling a hole in a copper pipe or “worm”. He pleaded not guilty, but there were seven witnesses and Clark was sent to prison for 30 days. He was released on bail of £10.
A Whisky Thief is a tool that master distillers use to extract small portions of whisky from an ageing cask for sampling or quality control. The old-fashioned ones are made typically of copper and resemble a drinking straw in design.
Distillery workers would shovel tons of malting barley hour after hour for long shifts. This hard work would sometimes cause their arm to hang down, a bit like a chimpanzee’s. The men called this temporary affliction ‘monkey shoulder’. This is common knowledge.
There are several lesser-known animal/body part afflictions that affect people of whisky. For instance, there’s Flounder Toe, a condition suffered after dropping a full cask on your foot.
The lesser-known but equally painful Squid Hand is caused by trapping your hand under a full cask.
There is the Donkey Face, a colloquialism for the nerve damage one suffers after falling into a tub of fermenting mash.
William Grant & Sons started producing Monkey Shoulder Blended Malt Whisky in 2000. It then had 3 different whiskies in it (hence the thee monkeys on the shoulder of the bottle): Glenfiddich, Balvenie and Kininvie. Nowadays many other whiskies are used, because the whisky became so popular that the three distilleries couldn’t produce enough of it.
Glenury Royal’s founder, a Captain Robert Barclay, was also a famous athlete who had walked the 200 km (125 miles) from London to Birmingham in two days in 1799. He also did 1,000 miles (1,600 km) in 1,000 hours.
Only Royal Lochnagar and Royal Brackla share the privilege of the Royal prefix. Laphroaig had a 10 YO Royal Warrant edition between 1994-2004.
In 1968, though, Diageo decided that the 19th century malting floors would be better employed as storage for empty casks, after which the distillery had to buy in its malted barley from outside. The kilns were demolished in 1979. Glenury Royal fell silent during the slump in 1983 and was closed for good in 1985.
Inchgower was built in Speyside in 1871 after the distiller Alexander Wilson was forced out of the nearby Tochineal distillery his uncle had built 40 years previously when the landlord doubled the rent. All the equipment for Inchgower came directly from Tochineal, whose buildings still exist.
Arthur Bell and Sons bought it in 1938, since which time its nearly two million litres/year output has been a main ingredient for the Bell's blend, now a Diageo product.
Inchgower is an important element of both Bell's and Johnnie Walker. Less than 1% of Inchgower's malt is kept back for bottling as a single malt - a Flora & Fauna 14YO is the only official release still readily available.
Knockdhu distillery was established in 1894 in the village of Knock in Aberdeenshire. The distillery's name comes from the local 'Black Hill' and while it still produces whisky today, the products are marketed as AnCnoc to avoid confusion with nearby Knockando.
In 1936, Linkwood distillery was run by a superstitious Gael called Roderick Mackenzie, who famously refused to remove even the cobwebs in the stillhouse in case it affected the quality of the spirit.
Mannochmore is a Diageo workhorse distillery, making malt whisky for the Haig and Dimple blends. The Dimple family uses Linkwood and Glenkinchie as well.
Built on the grounds of the company's Glenlossie distillery in 1971, Mannochmore is a high-capacity distillery with a potential production of3.2 million litres/year.
The distillery was closed in 1985 during the over-supply crisis and remained silent until 1989. After production recommenced, workers alternated between Mannochmore and Glenlossie, with each distillery open for six months of the year.
There is also a dark grains plant on the site, which converts the distillation by-products of most of Diageo's distilleries into cattle feed.
Mannochmore is notable as being the source distillery for the infamous Loch Dhu, a 'black' single malt marketed in the 1990s. Despite its short lifespan, Loch Dhu is now a cult product with bottles changing hands for hundreds of pounds.
Scotland is divided into six whisky regions. Each region has its own character and style. As whisky has seen a re-birth in recent years and become more and more popular, there are ideas and moves to carve up the regions further.
Lowlands whiskies tend to be light and gentle with no peatiness; unlike any other region, they were once all triple distilled. Only Auchentoshan uses this technique now for all of its production.
It's believed that whisky distillation reached Scotland from Ireland via Islay in the 13th century, hence the high number of past (23) and present distilleries the island.
Campbeltown is part of mainland Scotland, but it's found at the Mull of Kintyre's foot and was once a thriving whisky hotspot with over 34 distilleries. However, it's now home to just 3. It was the second entry point of Irish monks into Scotland and thence, Great Britain.
Kelso distillery was opened and licensed to John Mason in 1825. In 1830 it became a partnership of Mason & Nichol, which lasted until 1833 when John Mason became a sole trader again. Kelso continued under him until 1837 when he was sequestrated.
Kelso distillery was a Borders distillery at Kelso in Roxburghshire that distilled from 1825-47 before vanishing completely.
Even locating Kelso Distillery is difficult. Source place it at Rosebank, opposite an island called Kelso Anna, or Distillery Lane, perhaps even Chalkheugh Terrace.
The Isle of Lewis’ only legal distillery, in its capital Stornoway (and named after it), ran for just two years in the 1850s. After that, Lewisians had to import their Scotch from the mainland, or source it from illicit local operations.
In 2008, Mark Tayburn built a distillery at Red River [Abhainn Dearg] on the western coast of the island making this officially the most remote whisky-making site in Scotland. Tayburn designed and built the stills himself, modelling them on an old illicit still he had discovered.
Its first 10-year-old single malt, bottled at 46% ABV, was released in 2018, matured in ex-Bourbon casks originating from Kentucky’s Buffalo Trace distillery.
James Espey, currently with The Last Drop Distillers, helped launch the Classic Malts, Johnnie Walker Blue Label, Chivas Regal 18-year-old, Baileys and Malibu and established the Keepers of the Quaich.
When with the Baileys factory in Dublin, he tried to persuade Irish farmers to change their calving patterns because he was worried about having enough cream for Baileys.
Baileys bombed in research, but became one of the most successful drinks launches in history; the follow-up, John Dowland’s Greensleeves – ‘the English Baileys’ – was researched brilliantly, but was a total failure – most probably because the liquid was chlorophyll-green.
Johnnie Walker Oldest – later renamed Blue Label – was a judicious marriage of 15-year-old whisky with ‘homeopathic’ amounts of 60-year-old liquid (the original label featured the now illegal ‘Aged 15 to 60 Years’ descriptor). The result was a huge boost to the Walker franchise – and to luxury blended Scotch in general.
The Classic Malts sextet was created because Glenfiddich had done a brilliant job while United Distillers hadn’t. The only brand they were selling was Cardhu, which was made the home of Johnnie Walker. UDV had 32 distilleries at the time and decided on a balanced portfolio of interesting distilleries. Each pick saw a major boost in demand, with Lagavulin running out of its 16 YO for a season.
The statement on both the carton and bottle on all Chivas whiskies 'From 1801' is without foundation. The Chivas brothers in question, James and John, weren’t even born then. James Chivas’ first sniff of whisky came when he was 28 years old, in 1838, when he joined William Edward, fine grocer and wine seller, in his first job as a full-time hired employee. John, born 1814, joined his brother James only in 1857 and they created Chivas Brothers Holdings that year.
In Scotland, it’s considered bad luck to pour a drink moving your hand backwards. Always pour your Scotch moving your hand forward.
On New Year’s, the first person to enter a home after midnight (the “first-foot”) should bring a gift of whisky to ensure good luck for the house in the coming year.
It’s considered bad luck to refuse a dram (a small drink of whisky) if offered, as it’s a sign of hospitality and friendship in Scotland.
In 1857, Waterloo Distillery was founded in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Joseph E. Seagram started as a partner, but became sole owner in 1883, and the company became known as Joseph E. Seagram & Sons.
In 1924, Samuel Bronfman (1889-1971) and his brothers founded Distillers Corporation Limited, in Montreal, which enjoyed substantial growth in the 1920s, in part due to Prohibition in the United States (the Distillers Corporation Limited name was derived from UK’s Distillers Company Limited, which controlled the leading brands of whisky in the UK, and which was doing business with the Bronfmans).
In 1928 the Distillers Corporation acquired Joseph E. Seagram & Sons from their President Edward F. Seagram; the merged company, however, retained the Seagram name.
Samuel Bronfman went on to own 13 American distilleries.
Edgar, the eldest son of Samuel Bronfman wanted to preserve their stock of aged whiskies to blend the Royal Salute brand for impending royal events, with ages from 25-50 years. Chivas 18 was launched against Edgar’s wishes; shortly thereafter, on his wedding anniversary, Master Blender James Espey was fired.
5701. Edgar Bronfman handed over to his eldest son, Edgar Jr, in 1994.
Edgar Jr had no interest in whisky, preferring the glamour of the cinematic world and presided over Seagram's implosion.
Passport is a popular Speyside-influenced blended Scotch whisky whose key markets are Brazil, Angola, Mexico, India, Russia and Eastern Europe.
The blend recipe for Passport was developed by Chivas Brothers’ blender Jimmy Lang during the 1960s, a classical Chivas blend using Speyside single malts Strathisla and Glen Keith. Glen Keith was promoted as the ‘Home of Passport’, with a banner replicating the bottle label displayed in the distillery entrance.
Allt-a-Bhainne, Braeval, Glenlivet and Longmorn distilleries began to appear in the Passport recipe from the 80s. All 4 are in the Chivas Regal mix.
Lang developed the 100 Pipers blend and was responsible for Seagram’s key Scotch brands Chivas Regal and Royal Salute after WWII.
Known as Britain’s worst-ever peacetime fire-service disaster, the Cheapside Street whisky bond fire, in Glasgow, killed 19 servicemen in 1960. The warehouse, owned by Arbuckle, Smith and Company, contained over a million gallons of whisky and rum held in wooden casks. The liquid exceeded boiling point, causing a massive explosion in the building, killing firemen standing at street level. Around 450 firefighters battled the blaze, which took an entire week to extinguish.
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| THE CHEAPSIDE STREET FIRE OF 1960 |
The oldest whisky in the world — bottled between 1851 and 1858 — is a 13.5-ounce bottle of Glenavon Special Liqueur Whisky. It was owned by a family from Ireland and fetched an incredible £14,850 at auction when it was sold to Bonhams in London.
Dimple Haig, launched at the end of the 19th century became the deluxe, sophisticated whisky in the standard Haig & Haig blend. In the US it has long been known as Dimple Pinch. A new NAS version, Dimple Golden Selection has made an appearance this year (2024), to average reviews.
By 1939 the combination of the Dimple and Gold Label brand extensions made Haig the top-selling Scotch in the UK, while Dimple Pinch had recovered its pre-Prohibition sales in the States. Dunhill Old Master Finest Scotch Whisky was a 1970s blend created by International Distillers and Vintners (IDV) exclusively for London luxury retailer Dunhill.
It’s said to have contained 8-year-old grain whisky and malts up to 20 years old, with a spiritual home of Tamdhu. The brand was later joined by the Dunhill Gentleman’s Speyside blend. Rather uniquely for the time, the whisky was non-chill-filtered.
The whisky was blended for the company by IDV and sold by its wine and spirits subsidiary, Morgan Furze & Co.
Born on the island of Islay, blended malt Big Peat is a smoky, oily whisky, with sweetness from Caol Ila, the fruitiness of Bowmore, a medicinal quality from Ardbeg and an earthy tone from Port Ellen.
Each year, Big Peat launches a Christmas Limited Edition expression, which is bottled at natural cask strength – around 53% ABV.
Bùrn Taobh was launched in 2015 as part of Murray McDavid’s Vatting series. Only one batch of Bùrn Taobh has been released so far.
Bùrn Taobh is a blend of two Speyside malts matured in ex-Bourbon casks for at least 26 years.
The Famous Grouse has released more blended malt than single malt or blended Scotch whiskies.
Every generation of Famous Grouse owners and distributors has had a Matthew Grouse.
For many years, quasi-official Linkwood bottlings have come from Gordon & MacPhail of Elgin – often from ex-Sherry casks.
Although there was an Alloa distillery, this whisky actually came from the lost North of Scotland grain distillery in Tullibody, three miles west of the town. The whisky produced there was intended for blends but some 40-year-old casks from 1964 have been bottled by Hart Bros and the German independents Jack Weibers Whisky World and Alambic Classique.
Way back in 1795 a certain Alexander Glen was running the Alloa distillery. Also known as the Grange distillery, it fell silent in 1851 and is buried under Diageo’s Carsebridge site in Alloa.
In 1958 George Christie set up the North of Scotland distillery just down the road on the site of the old Knox Forth Brewery to give blenders another source of grain whisky. For a year it also produced a malt whisky called Strathmore from a pair of pot stills, but Christie decided the future lay in grain whisky. The distillery closed in 1980.
Mortlach’s main claim to fame, production wise, is as the home of the most fiendishly complex distillation regime in Scotland. The wash (from clear wort and long fermentation) is split between three wash stills; No. 3 wash still and No.3 spirit still work in tandem as is normal. The low wines from wash stills No. 1 and 2 is, however, split into two parts. The first 80% of the run is collected as the charge for spirit still No. 2. The remaining 20% (called weak feints) forms the charge for spirit still No.1 otherwise known as ‘The Wee Witchie’. This distils the weak feints three times with only the heart of the final run being collected. It all adds up to the new make spirit having been distilled 2.81 times.
The result of this complex regime in a copper-starved environment is a building up of sulphur and ‘meatiness’ in the new make. Other meaty spirits like Benrinnes and Dailuaine do not have Mortlach’s weight, meaning that this is a highly-prized base note for blends.
Mortlach was the name of the original village which sprang up around the abbey of the name, founded by Saint Moluag in the 7th century.
Mannochmore is a large distillery with half a dozen stills, where a light style is produced though without the oily background of its sister plant, Glenlossie. Both are closely associated with the Haig and Dimple brands.
Auchroisk [pronounced Orth-rusk] is one of Diageo’s ‘nutty-spicy’ sites. It also has a heavy character, produced by rapid mashing, quick fermentation and, in the wash stills, a rapid boiling regime which almost cooks the solids and allows controlled carryover of some solids.
This almost singed character, shared with Blair Athol, is most obvious at the new make stage but recedes with maturation.
Auchroisk was built in 1972 to herald the start of a new era for blended Scotch. It was commissioned by IDV, at that time the parent firm of J&B which had decided that sales of the blend justified another distillery being built to join its Speyside portfolio of Glen Spey, Knockando and Strathmill.
Auchroisk was first bottled as single malt in 1986 and was the first to carry the prefix ‘Singleton’.
The Singleton is now attached to single malts from Glen Ord, Glendullan and Dufftown.
It was the first example of finishing, with the maturation process involving decanting 10-year-old ex-Bourbon matured whisky into ex-Sherry casks for a further two years of secondary maturation. This aspect was never highlighted. Macallan and Balvenie gained from this lapse.
Blair Athol distillery was named Aldour in 1798 after the burn which supplied it with process water, but changed its name to the current one after a village seven miles to the north, in 1825.
In an attempt to tap into the then infant single malt market, Bell’s bottled Blair Athol as an eight-year-old in the 1980s.
Teith Mill was the name for a 40% ABV blended Scotch whisky centred around the first spirit to be produced at Perthshire’s Deanston distillery. The distillery’s owner, Brodie Hepburn Ltd, also owned Tullibardine and Macduff distilleries, so it’s likely a proportion of their malt was also used in the blend.
The Teith Mill brand name was also later used for a NAS single malt bottling exclusively for British retailer Marks & Spencer.
The founder of Cragganmore distillery, 'Big' John Smith was only 36 at the time, but had already been a manager of the Macallan, Glenlivet and Wishaw distilleries, and the lessee of Glenfarclas.
Heavily built and with a large frame, he could not enter the standard British Rail carriage and had to travel in the luggage van.
Glenlivet, just 14 miles (22.5km) long and 6 (10km) miles wide, was the most highly favoured location in the Highlands for smugglers.
Speyside itself is just 30 miles (48km) by 20 miles (32km) and situated in the Highlands. Distilleries here may deem themselves as located in Speyside or in the Highlands. Its northern border is along the coastline. It is considered to be Scotland’s “grain basket."
Speyside also boasts Scotland’s largest whisky bar, the Quaich Bar at the Craigellachie Hotel. This bar has available for tasting nearly 1,000 different single malt whiskies.
Speyside accounts for one-half of Scotland’s malt distillers and 60% of the nation’s malt whisky production. Together, Glenfiddich, Glenlivet and Macallan comprise one-third of the entire single-malt market.
The largest distillery in Speyside is the Roseisle Distillery (owned by Diageo), which opened in 2009.
Glenfarclas, Dalwhinnie, and The Macallan, for example, are often grouped as Speyside whiskies and are based in the region, but historically favoured using the Highlands on their labels.
The promulgation of the Excise Act of 1823 led to a boom of new distilleries, one of which was The Macallan, founded in 1824 by barley farmer Alexander Reid.
The oldest Speyside distillery is Strathisla, which was founded as the Milltown distillery in 1786.
Usher’s ‘Old Vatted Glenlivet’, even though it was a blended Scotch, contained only a very small proportion of Glenlivet whisky.
William Gordon of Bogfoutain, who farmed at Auchorachan in the 18th century, is the earliest known distiller in Glenlivet. It was recorded that he ‘acquired a considerable fortune, chiefly by his industry as a tenant and by distilling and retail of whisky’. Auchorachan went alternatively as Aucherachan, Achorachan and Acherachan century and also Glenlivat (sic) and had multiple owners.
The small casks used by smugglers to transport whisky were called ‘ankers’.
One Elizabeth Grant of Rothiemurchus described a well-matured Glenlivet as ‘mild as mother’s milk’.
The Glenlivet sourced peat from Faemussach Moss well into the 20th century.
The Duke of Gordon, George Smith’s landowner and erstwhile patron had turned a blind eye to the illicit trade because it enabled his tenants to earn cash with which to pay their rents. But growing condemnation of the lawlessness on his estates forced him to take action.
Along with George Smith, a grandson of Gordon of Bogfoutain, Captain William Grant revived distilling at Auchorachan.
Glenlivet distilleries found it difficult to compete with the larger distilleries in the south, and most were forced to close within a decade. However, the Duke of Gordon bailed George Smith out. Captain Grant suffered a serious fall in 1854 and shut his distillery down.
When the Auchorachan distillery was forced to close in 1854, George Smith was the sole surviving licensed distiller in the glen. He relocated his Glenlivet distillery to his farm at Minmore and, as the demand for single malt from southern whisky blenders soared, his business boomed.
When the popular taste for big, peaty whiskies declined, the distillery simply adapted the traditional Glenlivet style. Accessing supplies of coke through the new Strathspey Railway, it began to produce a less peated whisky with a rich, fat character and a pronounced ‘pineapple’ flavour.
This new style of Glenlivet was very popular with the big Lowland blending houses, and was consciously imitated by the new wave of distilleries opening in Strathspey in the later 19th century.
Smith’s son, John Gordon Smith, subsequently tried to register ‘Glenlivet’ as a trademark, but he and his successors were unable to prevent others using it. The licensed trade, for example, continued to classify whiskies from the Strathspey area as ‘Glenlivets’ until a new name, ‘Speyside’ was invented for the category.
The Grants of Glenfarclas were originally George Smith’s neighbours.
John Smith of Cragganmore was rumoured to be one of George Smith’s illegitimate children. James Grant, the son of the distillery manager at Auchorachan, was a key figure in the history of Highland Park.
Whisky wheeler-dealer Jimmy Barclay, Sam Bronfman’s Mr Fix-it in Scotland in the 1930s, and the man who bottled Chivas Regal for Seagram Distillers in the 1950s, was also born in the glen.
Glenlivet founder’s great-grandson, Bill Smith Grant, spearheaded the drive to re-establish the market for single malts in the US after Prohibition ended in 1933. He worked tirelessly to establish The Glenlivet there after the war, and it has remained the best-selling single malt in the US ever since.
The Glenlivet’s monopoly of whisky-making in the glen ended in the 1960s. In 1966, Invergordon Distillers built a new distillery at Tamnavulin, primarily to provide single malt for blends. Tamnavulin closed in 1995, two years after the parent company was acquired by Whyte & Mackay, but reopened in 2007.
Braeval was built by Chivas Brothers in 1973 and was originally named Braes of Glenlivet. It was one of the first fully-automated distilleries in the country, but its greatest claim to fame is that it was built at 365m above sea level – and competes with Dalwhinnie for the title of the highest distillery in Scotland.
Scotland’s damp, dank climate proved more suitable for growing hearty grains such as oats, wheat, and barley than for cultivating fruits as prevailed in southern Europe. This proved to be a significant step for the earliest beverage alcohol producers who, millennia later, used malted barley initially as key for brewing strong ale and later for distilling malt whisky.
Deforestation began in earnest as Bronze Age agrarian communities cleared tracts of land to plant grains, graze livestock, and found settlements. Wood was needed for the construction of houses; for fuel to heat the crude, drafty domiciles; and for pens to protect livestock. Today, only one per cent of Scotland’s primeval forest remains.
Deforestation directly affected the Scotch industry, in that, with the forests gone, the main source of fuel in prehistoric Scotland became peat. Peat is tightly packed, decomposed vegetation (e.g., heather, gorse, grasses, weeds, and low shrubs) that has been compressed over time by layers of succeeding growth.
A loose definition bandied about in the Highlands is that peat is decomposing organic matter at about the halfway mark to becoming coal. The tradition of using peat as a primary source of fuel eventually turned into a key element of Scotland’s whisky industry because peat became the customary fuel used to dry barley before it became part of the mash.
Scotland has no shortage of peat since peat bogs still cover an estimated 810,000 hectares (over 2 million acres) of the nation’s surface.
A Swedish distillery has recently begun using AI to generate the ‘perfect’ whisky recipe. This ultimate recipe is based on data analysis of past and current consumer trends. While the jury’s still out on that one, it’s set to be a crowd-pleaser.
A fun, novel way to approach Scotch whisky cocktails rapidly turned into a PR storm for The Glenlivet in Oct 2019 when the Speyside single malt brand created a range of edible/drinkable cocktail capsules 23 ml each, in three flavours.
London’s Tayēr + Elementary is rated one of the world’s best bars after just five years of operation. (Scotchwhisky.com)
Only Glenfarclas, Glenfiddich and Springbank heat a still over live flame, a rare occurrence these days. Dornoch also did so until early 2019 when it switched to direct electric.
Glenmorangie was the first Scotch malt distillery to install steam-heated stills – in 1887.
The prime reason for retaining a more expensive heating method is to do with flavour. The most famous example of this is Glenfarclas, which in 1981 ‘upgraded’ to steam only to find that it had a detrimental effect on the character of its new-make. The steam heating systems were removed and direct fire reinstalled.
This elusive character is loosely described as variations on the theme of ‘weight’ and was behind Suntory’s decision to remove steam from all the wash stills at its Yamazaki and Hakushu distilleries and install direct flame, a move counter to common practice.
Direct-fired stills have a convex base and are fitted with a rummager.
The oldest surviving Scotch whisky distilleries are:
Glenturret: Founded in 1763.
Bowmore: 1779.
Strathisla: 1786.
Oban: 1794.
Balblair: 1790.
Glengarioch:1797.
Laphroaig:1815.
Glenlivet: 1824.
Glengoyne: 1833.
Glenmorangie: 1843.
Glenfiddich: 1886.
Arthur John Tedder, an Excise Officer at Glengoyne distillery, is said to have pioneered the distillery’s ‘unhurried’ approach to whisky making, shaping the whisky as it’s known today.
Throughout its history, Glenfiddich has far surpassed its competitors in production capacity and innovation. Today, Glenlivet is a close second. At first, Glenfiddich produced mixes for several clients, but when their biggest client Pattison went bankrupt in 1898, William Grant created his own “Steadfast” mix and in 1903 Glenfiddich was incorporated as William Grant & Sons.
The Yamazaki distillery was founded in 1923 and is located in Shimamoto. This was the first whisky distillery established in Japan. It earned a Double Gold Medal at the San Francisco World Spirits Competition in 2009 and 2013.
This brand is owned by Beam Suntory which also owns other brands such as Jim Beam, Maker’s Mark, Laphroaig, Knob Creek, Old Overholt and Sauza Tequila, among several others.
John Cassidy originally opened the Monasterevin Distillery in 1784, according to notes accompanying the sale. Some believe that it may have been medicinal, given it was found in a doctor’s bag and the newspaper was the Supplement of the Tablet, which is dated from 1899, a time when whisky would still have held medicinal value. It is being sold complete with the leather bag and its newspaper wrapping.
Glen Scotia, awarded Scottish Whisky Distillery of the Year at the Scottish Whisky Awards last year, has just unveiled its oldest and rarest limited edition to date. It’s a 46-year-old single malt Scotch whisky with just 150 bottles available worldwide and a retail price of £6,750. It was laid down in refill ex-bourbon casks in 1974 for 36 years, before being re-casked in first-fill ex-bourbon casks in 2011. It was then moved again for a four-year finish in ex-Oloroso sherry butts before being bottled at 41.7%.
1,841 pubs were opened in the UK in 2021!
Two bottles of Midleton Very Rare Irish whiskey sold at auction for a combined €94,000 set a new record for the category. The history-making whiskeys, put up for sale by private collectors, were sold separately at auction on 21 March 2022, with the first – a 2020 bottling of Midleton Very Rare Silent Distillery Collection Chapter One – fetching €48,000 (€50,952 including fees), the highest price paid for an Irish whiskey at public auction. The second, a bottle of the 2021-released Chapter Two, sold for €46,000 (€48,829 including fees).
Presented in a hand-blown Waterford Crystal decanter and displayed in a wooden cabinet made from reclaimed whiskey vats, there are just 70 bottles of Midleton Very Rare Silent Distillery Collection Chapter Two in the world. When the Old Midleton Distillery in County Cork closed its doors in 1975, after 150 years in business, several casks of trial whiskey innovations disappeared with it. They slumbered deep within their barrels for close to half a century -- until their resurrection in 2021. The first release was a 45-year-old peated single malt, created in 1974 by master distiller emeritus Max Crockett and guarded at the abandoned distillery for four generations since.
Port Amadán, a 25-year-old Islay whisky was sourced from an undisclosed distillery on Islay. It is bottled at cask strength 56.2% ABV without any additional colouring or chill-filtration after it was matured in an ex-bourbon barrel for a quarter of a century. There’s no adulteration here, just a pure presentation of Islay whisky made with barley peated to 33.5 ppm.
Karuizawa Distillery, established in 1955 to make single malt whisky was the highest in Japan at 850m above sea level; low temperatures and high humidity provided an ideal microclimate for whisky production. It closed in 2001 was then demolished in 2016.
The Karuizawa Geisha series was created to celebrate both the skill, beauty and tradition of the geisha by this distillery. Only cask-strength bottles aged between 21-38 years remain and are sold between US$ 20-75,000 each, with ex-Sherry cask bottles selling at higher prices than ex-Bourbon.
Jameson, the largest-selling Irish whiskey, and the pride of Ireland today, was actually created by John Jameson, a Scottish businessman and distillery manager.
Jack Daniel, the man who created the largest-selling American whiskey brand was taught the art of distillation by an African-American slave, Nathan Nearest Green. He went on to become the first African-American Master Distiller at Jack Daniel’s new endeavour, a free man under newly enacted US laws.
Major James Grant was the first man in the Highlands to own a car. Glen Grant was also the first distillery to have a light bulb illuminate its rooms.
Deanston Denominations: This distillery was originally a mill for curtain lace before sense took over. However, in the frenzy of the industrial revolution, there was a shortage of coins and workers were paid in the mill’s own currency; foreign coins branded with the Deanston stamp.
George Orwell famously travelled to the Isle of Jura to write his dystopian novel 1984.
You will find Skaill House on the rugged west coast of mainland Orkney. This fine mansion is said to be built on top of an ancient Pictish burial ground which has led to numerous reports of ghostly figures and apparitions in the House’s empty rooms!
Highland Park prides itself on its Viking origins and the Valknut expression is a perfect example of that. In Norse mythology, the Valknut is a symbol of three interlinking triangles and the name means “knot of those slain in battle”. The symbol is associated with the Norse god Odin, who guided the spirits of the dead to the underworld and back to the world of the living.
5801. Malt Master Balvenie David C. Stewart likes to say, “The dog is a good companion for an angel. When the amount of the whisky lost ‘to the angels’ appears to be a little higher on certain casks… well, maybe it wasn’t the angel who came to visit, maybe it was the dog who’s been for a little wander around the warehouse.”
Towser the mouser who protected the grounds of Glenturrent Distillery for a rumoured 23 years, is said to have maintained her hunting prowess by drinking a dram of whisky in her milk every day. Named in the Guinness Book of World Records as “The Most Prolific Mouser of All-Time”, Towser lived in the Glenturrent Distillery until her death in 1987 having made a record 28,899 kills (an average of 3 mice a day). So missed was Towser, a statue was erected outside of the distillery in her honour.
Towser also has a distillery bottling named after it.
Towser was replaced by a kitten named Peat. Sadly, in Sep 2014, Peat the kitten was found dead on the side of the road near the distillery and was presumably hit by a car.
The Beast, a three-legged cat with the biggest head the Ardmore still men had ever seen, was named Tommy.
Semi-feral and fiercely independent, Tommy had two pleasures in life: basking in the heat of the Ardmore stillhouse of the late 1980s and early 1990s (the distillery was coal-fired until 2000) and decimating the local mouse population.
Established in 1984, Broxburn Bottlers is a subsidiary of Ian Macleod and J&G Grant Distillers, providing customers with a variety of sizes to choose from. They now have 9 varied and highly flexible bottling lines, with in excess of 40 customers from across the whole industry producing in excess of 50 million bottles per annum.
Whisky bottles have codes etched on them, for most brands; e.g., bottling codes on malt whisky bottles used bottled by Ardbeg. A bottle of Ardbeg 10 has the code very faintly engraved into the glass near the bottom of the bottle. The code is L7 256 21:15 4ML. This code means it was bottled in the year 2007 on the 256th day at 9.15pm that day. 4ML is the code for Ardbeg.
Diageo has a similar and easy system. A bottle of Talisker 10 has its code printed just above the rear label on the glass. If that code is: L7302CM000, it means that it was bottled in the year 2007 on the 302nd day and it is a Classic Malt.
The change of 750ml to 700ml for bottles in the EU holding strong liquor took place in 1992. The USA standard bottle is 750 ml and Scotch Whisky must be at least 43% ABV, or 86 proof (75 proof the world over.)
According to the yellow, parchment-style labels of Abbot’s Choice, John McEwan & Co was established in Leith in 1863. The firm owned other blended whiskies including King George IV and Chequers
The brand was originally called ‘McEwan’s Whisky – the Abbot’s Choice.
In the 1960s, ceramic monks filled with Scotch sold as far afield as Peru. Today Abbot’s Choice lives on as an occasional oddity in whisky auctions.
Scotch whisky has been bottled in everything from miniature golf bags to models of Nessie and Big Ben, so why not use a ceramic monk and employ his head as a stopper? Every time you felt like a dram you could decapitate the poor fellow and then put him back together again.
The blend may have contained Linkwood
Situated ‘a football kick’ from Morrison & Mackay’s new blending and bottling facility, Aberargie is designed as a ‘barley to bottle’ operation – every process bar the malting (courtesy of Simpsons) will take place on-site.
Every drop of spirit produced at the distillery is destined for Aberargie single malt, although some may be commandeered as fillings for Morrison & Mackay’s Bruadar whisky liqueur.
Fed by the Pitilie Burn [where gold is still panned] Aberfeldy became the malt at the heart of the Dewar’s blends.
A private railway line linked the plant with the firm’s operational hub in Perth.
When Diageo was forced to offload, The Dewar’s estate [the Blends, plus Aberfeldy, Aultmore, Craigellachie and Royal Brackla] were bought for £1.1bn by Bacardi-Martini.
Bailie Nicol Jarvie (BNJ) was a blend originally created in the late 19th century by wine merchant Nicol Anderson, and later produced by Macdonald & Muir – the original name for The Glenmorangie Company – which claimed it had the ‘highest malt content of any blended Scotch whisky’.
Anderson named the blend after one of the central characters in Walter Scott’s 1819 novel, Rob Roy.
BNJ became an available and respected brand which was introduced into the US by agents Balfour, Guthrie & Co of San Francisco after Prohibition had ended.
BNJ appeared in 1994 as a rich blend with a 60% malt content drawn from Islay, Speyside and the Highlands, and grain from Girvan. The youngest component whisky was at least 8 years old.
Caermory is a limited edition run of unpeated single malt from Tobermory distillery on the Isle of Mull, bottled under a different name.
Matured solely in ex-Bourbon casks, Caermory was initially released as a NAS single malt Scotch whisky from the Isle of Mull, but has since been bottled as a 15-year-old (at 56% ABV), 20-year-old (at 49.6% ABV) and most recently as a single cask 21-year-old (at 48.2% ABV).
The term proof has been claimed by British sailors a test they invented and by the rebel Yankee factions as their method of determining alcoholic strength. In fact, it is neither.
From the mid-1600s to 1818, Scottish excise officials routinely determined the alcoholic strength of beverages by mixing a portion with gunpowder, lighting it and gauging the intensity, the colour, and the duration of the flame. An elongated, long-lasting, bright white-yellow flare meant that the beverage was “over-proof ”; a steady, short, blue-yellow flame designated proper proof; and a smoldering, smoky ember with little or no flame declared the beverage to be under-proof.
1816, Bartholomew Sikes, an excise official, perfected the hydrometer, a device that measured the specific gravity of liquids. From 1818 on, excise officials calculated alcoholic strength with a hydrometer.
To the British, a “proof spirit” contains 57.1 percent alcohol and 42.9 percent water.
George Smith’s popular frontline Drumin Glenlivet whisky sold at a per gallon price of 10 shillings, registered at what was described as “11 percent higher than proof,” which in the imperfect environment of the period probably meant that it hovered at from 63 to 65 percent alcohol.
He also sold a flamethrower, high-octane version of Drumin Glenlivet at what was depicted as “25 percent over proof ” for 12 shillings and sixpence per gallon. The rational betting today is that the description “25 percent over proof ” was misleading because two distillations in copper pot stills create a spirit between 68 and 72 percent alcohol. It is doubtful that he ran a third distillation since that ran firmly against Highland tradition and distillery scheduling. So, the more powerful version was very likely a full barrel-strength edition at ~ 70 to 72 % alcohol.
A container-load of ex-Bourbon casks that arrived at the Glenkeith warehouse complex from Kentucky had some animal alive in one cask; a ‘very bedraggled, dirty, black-and-white little cat’, staggering and blinking in the light. She’d survived the four-week-long transatlantic journey, by train, sea and lorry, by licking the condensation off the inside of the casks, which explained why Dizzy, as she was instantly named, was so unsteady on her feet. She wasn’t Dizzy for long. She was taken to live at Glen Keith distillery, then the home of Passport whisky – and appropriately renamed Passport. When Glen Keith fell silent in 1999, she hopped across the Isla to Strathisla distillery and finally, to an employee’s house.
The Orkney distillery of Highland Park was home to three kittens from the same litter, and they were named Barley, Malt and Peat.
A diabetic’s urine can AND has been used to make single malt whisky. Created by James Gilpin, a designer and researcher, The Gilpin Family Whisky is not up for commercial sale but is promoted as an art piece.
July 27th is National Scotch Day.
Many distilleries store casks of whisky belonging to other brands and distilleries in their warehouses. This way, if a fire or catastrophe occurs, they won’t lose all their stock.
Mackmyra, a Swedish distillery, is teaming up with Microsoft and a Finnish technology consultancy to start using AI to help generate the perfect whisky recipe based on past and current consumer trends.
The French are the biggest consumers of Scotch whisky, importing 176 million bottles last year. India comes in second, importing 136 million bottles, while the USA ranks third with 126 million bottles in 2021. The USA alone imports around £790 million worth of Scotch whisky. As of today (2022 onwards), India has overtaken France to settle into pole position.
The value of rare whisky has skyrocketed in recent years, with limited-edition whisky selling for millions at auction. The most expensive whisky ever sold was a bottle of The Macallan 1926 60-Year-Old Scotch which sold for a staggering £1.452 million or $1.9 million in 2019. In 2018, a similar bottle from that limited release sold for $1 million, while in 2015, a six-litre crystal decanter of Macallan Imperiale ‘M’ whisky sold for over $628,000. The prices quoted are specific for the year sold in and are not adjusted for any external factor.
In Scotland, grain whisky was first made in bulk in 1830, while malt whisky was, in all likelihood. first created in 1494.
When prohibition was introduced in the United States, certain brands of whisky were exempt due to its supposed ‘medicinal properties’. When Winston Churchill visited in 1931, he had a doctor prescribe him “the use of alcoholic spirits, especially at meal times”.
In the old days, whisky was linked to masculinity. Nowadays, women are sipping and distilling whisky in increasing numbers. Women are in technical roles at distilleries and have even opened a few distilleries. Women are also an excellent choice for taste testing as it is suggested they have a better sense of smell and taste than men.
If you look carefully, the trees around any distillery are black. This is a disease caused by the spirit fumes from the nearby distillery. Luckily it has no negative effect on the tree itself, just the colour.
No matter how peaty your whisky is, once you open the bottle it will start to lose its peatiness due to oxidation.
Contrary to popular myth alcohol (of any variety) does not warm you up. In fact, it actually lowers the core body temperature.
Campbeltown-based Springbank produces a whisky distilled 2.5 times. How’s that possible? The distillery takes the feints (tails) of the first spirit still and combines them with a portion of the low wines obtained during the initial stripping run. That mixture is then distilled again on the second spirit still; for the feints, it’s their third trip through the still. That means a portion of the finished distillate has been distilled three times, while another portion has been distilled twice – voilà, 2.5 times distillation.
Deanston Distillery started life in 1785 as a cotton mill and remained as such for 180 years until it was transformed into a distillery in 1966.
Deanston is now the only distillery in Scotland to be self-sufficient in electricity, with power generated by an on-site hydro-energy facility.
Deanston, a Highland single malt whisky, is handmade by ten local craftsmen, un-chill filtered, natural colour and bottled at a strength of 46.3% ABV or higher.
Deanston first acquired its name in 1500, when Walter Drummond (the Dean of Dunblane) inherited the lands now known as Deanston from the Haldanes of Gleneagles. The Scots word ‘dean’ was coupled with the Scots Gaelic term ‘toun’, meaning farm/settlement, to make Deanston.
The mill was opened in 1785 as the Adelphi Mill, after the Greek word adelphoi meaning ‘brothers’.
Due to a shortage of currency at the time (1789-1840), Deanston was the first major industrial works to produce its own currency.
By 1833, Deanston was powered by four large water wheels - the first two small wheels were reconstructions of the original Adelphi Mill wheels and the third wheel was called Samson. The fourth wheel (named Hercules) measured 36 ft 6in in diameter, was of 300 horsepower, and was the largest waterwheel in Europe and the second largest in the world.
Deanston started bottling in 1971 and the first single malt was named Old Bannockburn.
Teith Mill, a blended whisky, was also produced at this time - a kiosk was set up at Blair Drummond Safari Park which sold Old Bannockburn and Teith Mill in take-away cartons.
Deanston Distillery looks very unlike a traditional Scotch whisky distillery and has a number of unique production features which contribute to its distinct character in taste and look.
The spirit is handmade by ten local craftsmen who rely on traditional distilling techniques; no technology or computers are used.
Deanston uses only Scottish-grown barley and in 2000, was one of the first distilleries in Scotland to start producing organic whisky, certified by the Organic Food Federation and using barley grown in specially selected sites, free from pesticides and chemicals.
The distillery also uses an 11-ton open-topped mash tun - the only one of its size in Scotland - and four unique pot stills with upwards-sloping lyne arms and boiling balls, which help give the whisky its light character.
The spirit is matured in the original weaving shed built in the 1830s, which holds a capacity of 45,000 casks.
Port Ellen Distillery, on Islay, reopened on 19 March 2024 with a bold vision to be a trailblazing light for the future of whisky distillation.
Perhaps the most legendary of all the so-called “ghost” distilleries that closed in Scotland more than 40 years ago, the rebirth of Port Ellen has been eagerly anticipated globally.
Port Ellen represents the final chapter in the £185 million investment by Diageo, which reopened of the other famous “ghost” distillery Brora in May 2021(£35 million), as well as investment in the company’s Scotch whisky visitor experiences. The new distillery has been designed from the ground up to push the boundaries of innovation, experimentation and sustainability.
The reopening of Brora was marked with a special release of three bottles called Brora Triptych. It costs £30,000 and celebrates some of the distillery’s most iconic whisky styles.
Elusive Legacy is a 48-year-old distilled in 1972. It represents an earthy expression of Brora that was only made in very limited runs. Age of Peat is drawn from casks of 1977 whisky, a time when Brora was making smoky expressions to be used in blended Scotch. Finally, Timeless Original was distilled in 1982 and is a nod to the waxy character that made Brora famous. Sold in a presentation case, Brora Triptych is a fitting celebration of a new chapter in the distillery’s eventful history.
Cork is the outer bark of the evergreen cork oak (Quercus suber). This species covers 2.7 million hectares of Spain, southern France, Italy, The Mahgreb of Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria and, especially, Portugal, which accounts for 51 per cent of world cork production.
Types of cork stoppers made include quality ones hand cut from single pieces of bark & composite corks made from broken pieces of cork.
A lot of bottle cork stoppers break not because cork is bad and the screw top is good, but because the cork stoppers are made from composite cork for economic gain, i.e., cheapness.
Air conditioning and central heating create atmospheres that dry out corks.
Cork is one of the best, more natural, and if properly harvested and manufactured, sustainable materials that can be used for stoppering our whisky bottles.
Cork harvesting is an environmentally friendly process during which not a single tree is cut down. Once harvested, the bark renews itself during the following nine years, ready for its next harvest. A tree must be more than 25 years old before it can be first harvested and it is not until its third harvest that the bark can be used for the production of whisky (or wine) corks. Bark from the first two harvests is used for other products. Each cork oak tree produces an average of 16 harvests during its 150-200 year lifespan.
The oldest cork oak tree in existence is known as the Whistler tree – it is now more than 225 years old. When last harvested, during the year 2000, it took a team of five men four hours to harvest 650 kilos of cork which produced around 55,000 bottle corks.
Cork consists of a tight web of up to 40 million cells per cubic centimetre. The structure and make-up of these cells is responsible for the cork’s suitability for the uses to which it is put; it is light, resistant to wear, stable in size and, very importantly, elastic. Cork for bottle stoppers accounts for 70 per cent of the total value of the cork market.
In the 1920s, innovation in whisky bottle closures was a levered, flip-top metal cap which could be easily replaced. This was superseded by ROPPs (roll on, pilfer-proof caps), stelcaps (ROPPs with a collar which extends down the bottle’s neck) and various non-refillable fitments, such as the widely available Guala.
During Prohibition in the USA, by the time a bottle of Scotch had travelled from Nassau to a “Speakeasy” in New York, the price could have increased by a factor of 16 times.
Dewar pioneered the concept of marrying whiskies by region of origin before the creation of the final blend and the tag line: “It never varies.”
The company’s five distilleries were Aberfeldy, Aultmore, Macduff (now closed), Craigellachie, and Royal Brackla.
The production of fermented beverages in China goes back to at least 7000 BC. Chemical analysis of 9,000-year-old pottery shows clear evidence that beer-like drinks were being consumed during the Neolithic period in China.
The first written reference to distillation is in the Epic of Gilgamesh, a Babylonian epic dating back to approximately 3000 BC.
Abu a-Qasim al Zahrawi (936-1013), also known as Abucasis, an Arab Muslim physician who lived in Al-Andalus (Andalucía), is believed to have trained Europeans in the art of distillation and the preparation of spirits.
Distilled spirit was sometimes referred to as the fifth element, fifth essence, or quintessence because it seemed to be a magical substance that contained all of the “essences” of the four primordial elements— earth, fire, water, and air—but was unchanging and “incorruptible.” In The Book of Quintessence, an English translation of a text with a continental origin, the substance quintessence was used as a medicine for many of a man's illnesses. The creation of quintessence required distillation of alcohol seven times.
The Red Book of Ossory compiled by Richard Ledred, Bishop of Ossory, Ireland, AD 1317-60, gives the first written recipe for distilling aqua vitae.
Between 1786 and 1803, a span of 17 years, the duties on stills had increased by a factor of more than 77 times.
The Lowland distillers, principally the Haigs and Steins, the first whisky dynasties, had started sending whisky to London for rectification into gin in 1777. This was the first recorded export of Scotch outside Scotland. By 1786, Scottish distillers controlled a quarter of the London gin market.
In 1786, the Lowland distillers were able to cycle their stills an average of ten to twenty times a day. Some distillers were able to cycle their stills two to four times faster than that. The result was a flood of cheap spirit. It was horrible whisky, however, having little in common with what was being produced in the Highlands, and only fit for rectification into gin.
The consumption of gin in London had reached 3.5 million gallons in 1727. By 1735 it had risen to 5.5 million gallons. This was a rate of consumption of two pints per week per inhabitant.
There are currently 9 working distilleries on Islay, but there were as many as 23 a few years back. But if things work out, there will be 13 distilleries in Islay by 2030.
Prominent females who have made significant contributions to the Scotch whisky industry include:
- Rachel Barrie: The world's first female Master Blender, Rachel has worked with Morrison Bowmore and Brown-Forman
- Stephanie Macleod: Master Blender for Bacardi's Scotch whisky portfolio, overseeing brands like Dewar's and Aberfeldy
- Kristeen Campbell, who has worked with Diageo and Whyte and Mackay
- Rachel MacNeill, founder and MD of The Islay Whisky Academy, promoting whisky education and appreciation
- Elizabeth Cumming who owned the Cardow (Cardhu) distillery in Speyside in the late 19th century, transforming it into a major player in the whisky industry
- Bessie Williamson, who took over the management and later ownership of Laphroaig in Islay, significantly increasing its profile and production.
According to Lagavulin lore, the brand’s distillery is the oldest on Islay, with whisky production taking place illegally as early as 1742. In 1816, John Johnston acquired a license and legalised the distillery. It came to wider public awareness in 1862 when blender John Logan Mackie bought the distillery and his nephew created the White Horse blend in 1890. Lagavulin is a real success story, only closing twice in its history and neither for business reasons – once during world war II in 1941, and again in 1951 due to a fire.
Around 1815 two brothers, Donald and Alexander Johnston, leased 1000 acres of from the laird of Islay, for rearing cattle. That land is now known as Laphroaig.
The Rhinns of Islay is an area on the west of the island of Islay. It is a peninsula that is attached to the main body of the island by a narrow isthmus towards its northern end. It is home to two distilleries, the Bruichladdich Distillery and Kilchoman Distillery.
Bruichladdich is a story of demise and revival. Built in 1881 by the Harvey brothers, designed as a state-of-the-art distillery in its day. Sibling rivalry and a family feud left just one brother to operate Bruichladdich. Bruichladdich struggled to generate a profit for many years also experiencing several periods of closure. It changed ownership many times and finally closed in October 1993.
In 2000, the distillery was reopened by a private group of investors led by former wine merchant Mark Reynier, with Jim McEwan as Master Distiller. Jim extended the classic Bruichladdich, which is an unpeated whisky, by reviving peated single malt production and introduced the Port Charlotte and Octomore brands.
Octomore is the peat giant in the range; Port Charlotte is peated, but to a lesser degree than Octomore.
The distillery is highly experimental with casks and has many limited edition bottle releases. Bruichladdich was sold to Rémy Cointreau in 2012 and Mark Reynier went on to found Waterford Distillery in Ireland.
Founded in 2005, Kilchoman was the first new distillery to be built on Islay in over 124 years. Anthony Wills, Kilchoman Founder, set out to resurrect the grass roots tradition of farm distilling. They do it all, from growing the barley in their own fields, malting the barley in their own malt house, through to fermentation, distilling and maturation all on site. It is a distillery that has grown out of an Islay farm.
The Bunnahabhain distillery was built in 1881 at the height of the Victorian period. It was designed to mimic the layout of a Bordeaux chateau and its buildings are arranged around a central square. Being extremely remote, the site included a shop and a school. The site was so remote that a one-mile long road had to be built to connect the distillery with the island’s road network. And it had its own port in order to ship casks out to the mainland.
Full production started in January 1883 and began with un-peated whisky. The great depression caused it to close between 1930 and 1937 and it operated on a part time basis from 1999 to 2002.
Market pressure and business need forced Bunnahabhain to produce heavily peated whiskies for blending until 1960, at which point they turned back to un-peated whiskies but still focussed on supplying the blenders. Bunnahabhain started bottling single malt whiskies in 1970 and the transition began. It continues to experiment with peated whisky. Rather than being oily and pungent, Bunnahabhain’s current peated offerings are dry and light with a pronounced peppery influence. Its peat signature is totally different from the standard Islay peat signature.
5901. Ardnahoe and Portintruan are the two most recent distilleries on Islay.
First runs of distillation began in Ardnahoe in October 2018 with Cask number 001 filled on the 9th November that year.
Portintruan(originally planned to be named Farkin by owners Elixir Distillers) isn’t operational yet, though 2024 was its targeted date to commence distillation.
Construction of Elixir Distillers’ Portintruan Distillery on Islay has stopped after the ISG construction company entered administration. It will re-start once another construction company is selected.
It plans to produce rum as well as Scotch whisky.
The Isle of Raasay is a very short ferry ride from Skye. It is tiny, just 14 miles long and 4 miles wide.
There is also a road there connecting the “town”, Brochel, to the North of the Island. It is imaginatively called “Calum’s Road”.
Calum McLeod was a postman, lighthouse keeper and crofter. He travelled daily between Brochal and a place further North called Arnish. After the local council refused to fund a road, he decided to build one himself. It took him almost 20 years to complete it using a pick, a shovel and a wheelbarrow!
On 14th September 2017, the Isle of Raasay Distillery opened its doors and spirit was flowing. The island’s first legal distillation had finally taken place.
For their first whisky, they’ve used a clever combination of casks. The mix is 60% ex-Rye whisky casks, 30% French Bordeaux, and 10% virgin Chinkapin Oak.
50% of each of these is peated, the other 50% un-peated, making up a combination of 6 single casks.
The Chinkapin is the real hero here – it lends the colour and the candied sweetness that dominate this whisky. The distillery is also releasing single cask bottlings of the individual parts of this fine mix.
Islay’s distilleries are spread across the island; however, the three on the south coast – Ardbeg, Lagavulin and Laphroaig – are located next to each other, and are collectively known as the Kildalton Distilleries.
These three are renowned for making whisky which is "medium-bodied ... saturated with peat-smoke, brine and iodine" because they use malt that is heavy with peat as well as peaty water.
The claim that peaty water adds to the peat content of a whisky made using peaty water is hotly debated.
Whisky from the northern area is milder because it is made using spring water for a "lighter flavoured, mossy (rather than peaty), with some seaweed, some nuts..." So Islay whisky is not all heavily peated. The further North of the Island you go, the milder it is - but that just means less peat than in the South!
Irish monks are believed to have begun distillation on Islay during the early fourteenth century. But there are no records or hard evidence of that. The island is perfect for whisky production, with unlimited supplies of peat, as well as lochs and rivers filled with pure soft water. Local crofters grew an early form of barley (bere) for food and distilled what did not get eaten.
Distilling was originally carried out openly until a tax was levied on whisky in 1644 as part of the Excise Act. This forced the distillers to move into remote glens and caves to avoid detection.
There was, however, great reluctance on the part of the exciseman to come to an island where the natives were regarded as a “wild barbarous people”.
In 1777, the Reverend John McLeish of Kilchoman Parish reported that, “We have not an excise officer on the whole island. The quantity therefore, of Islay whisky made here is very great and the evil that follows drinking to excess of this liquor, is very visible on the island”.
The Mull of Oa peninsula was well known for illicit distilling, with stills found at Cragabus, Stremnishmore, Lower Killeyan and Goil.
Ardbeg has named one of its expressions after the Mull, viz., Ardbeg An Oa.
As much as 95% of the whisky produced on Islay was used in the make-up of all the famous blends (Johnny Walker, White Horse, The Famous Grouse, Bell’s and countless others).
In 1835, William IV granted the first royal warrant to a whisky producer, Royal Brackla.
Queen Victoria was also a strong proponent of Scotch whisky. She granted royal warrants to both Royal Lochnagar and Royal Brackla.
Sir Anthony Perrier, who operated the Spring Lane Distillery in Cork, Ireland, developed the original continuous still.
In 1828, Perrier’s invention inspired Robert Stein, a Scot distiller, to design a still that fed the wash through a column of partitions. He called the design a “patent” still.
Aeneas Coffey modified Stein’s design to eliminate the need to distill multiple times and allowed for the production of a spirit with a high proof. The very low level of congeners in the resulting spirit gave it a “lighter character.”
In 1831 Coffey was granted British patent No. 5974 for his design.
Two column continuous or “Coffey” stills offered significant cost savings in distillation and produced a smoother, more palatable spirit. The Coffey still was quickly adopted by distillers worldwide and remains the basis for modern, high-speed distillation.
The fastest-growing Scotch brand in controlled states so far in 2023 has been Buchanan’s. This growth has largely been driven by the release of its new pineapple-flavored expression, which proved to be a popular addition to the brand’s lineup.
Johnnie Walker continues to lead the Brand Category in U.S. sales, with Johnny Walker Black accounting for more than half the brand’s volume. In the second spot is Bacardi-owned Dewar’s, which has debuted several higher-end releases this year, including Dewar’s Double Double 37 and Double Double 21.
Cask whisky investment is low cost, hassle free, and very secure. Bound by a rigid set of HMRC rules, casks of single malt whisky have to remain within the boundaries of Scotland and in an HMRC bonded facility.
Investing in whisky casks is that it allows investors to potentially earn a larger profit as it is not subject to capital gains tax.
Although lesser known in the U.K., Cluny has made its mark across the pond in the U.S., where it has been bottled since 1988.
Comprising more than 30 malt whiskies from all regions of Scotland and the finest aged grain whiskies, Cluny Scotch Whisky is one of America's top-selling domestically bottled blended Scotch whiskies.
Over the years, Buchanan’s has become the most popular Scotch brand in Latin America and is also especially popular among the U.S. Latinos. It has edged out Pernod Ricard's Something Special from top spot in Latin America.
Made in the Scottish Highlands since 1824, The Glenlivet is the world’s best-selling single malt, just ahead of Glenfiddich.
Over the last few years, Balvenie has become one of the best-selling single malts and demand is growing as is the price.
Scotch Whisky is probably one of the most taxed products in the world – around 80% of the price of a bottle is actually tax. Official bodies and producers are in a constant fight to have it reduced.
Berry Bros & Rudd is the world’s oldest family-owned wine and spirits merchant. Founded in 1698 as a grocery, the company has gone on to become a greatly respected and renowned drinks company throughout the globe.
The company owns a selection of small-batch whiskies and casks, all under Berry’s Own Collection. The family also own the Glenrothes Single Malt brand.
Gordon & Macphail, a globally known independent bottler, started as a grocery in 1895.
The company also owns the Benromach Distillery
The Rest & Be Thankful Whisky Co. is an independent Whisky and Rum company dealing in small batch/single cask releases, now owned by the Fox Fitzgerald Whisky Trading Co. Ltd., founded by Eamonn Jones and Aidan Smith.
The company had focussed almost entirely on Bruichladdich distillery with single cask releases of casks filled from 2002 onwards, including several Port Charlotte releases as 16-19 YO bottlings.
The origin of this evocative name came from a stone inscription made by soldiers as they completed construction of the old military road in 1753; a road out of Glen Croe that was so long and steep that it was traditional for travellers to rest and repose at the highest point.
It has also bottled a 2007 Benrinnes single malt at cask strength, matured for 11 years in an ex-bourbon hogshead before being bottled in 2019. A Teaninich 10 YO cask strength was released in 2019. Its oldest release was a Bowmore 25 YO 1990 Bourbon Cask (53.7%). They have also bottled single casks from distilleries such as Macallan, Highland Park, Springbank, Bunnahabhain, etc.
William Grant & Sons is the biggest independent bottler of whisky in Scotland. The company operates four distilleries, Balvenie, Glenfiddich, Kininvie and Ailsa Bay, and has the third-largest malt distilling capacity in the whisky industry. Their product range is huge, from 40-year-old releases to younger blends and single malts.
Wilson & Morgan is one of several indie bottlers that are not based in Scotland. While they do have offices in Edinburgh that they operate out of when sourcing casks, the company is actually based in Treviso in northern Italy.
Scotch Whisky Investments is one of the oldest whisky investment companies in Europe. They unveiled bottle No. 1 of the world’s oldest whisky, the Glenlivet 80-Year-Old by independent bottler, Gordon & MacPhail.
Bottle No. 1 was auctioned by Sotheby’s in Hong Kong just months before, and sold to SWI for over US$190,000.
Rare Whisky investment outperformed wine and gold in recent years…Macallan is still the most traded brand, followed by Ardbeg and Bruichladdich.
Hazelburn is one of three styles of single malt made at Springbank distillery in Campbeltown. The bulk of the distillery’s output is concentrated on producing the Springbank malt, 10% of its production time is dedicated to the heavily peated Longrow, and a further 10% to the triple-distilled Hazelburn, all at 46% ABV.
Springbank began triple distilling for the first time ever in 1997. In 2005, an 8 YO Hazelburn made its debut. The 10 YO came in 2014.
The low wines and feints produced during Balvenie’s Week of Peat are collected separately and reused in the next year’s Week of Peat.
During mashing, the peated barley affects all those working on that product – it goes for the eyes, nose, throat, and lingered on them, through the whole shift. Workers complain about the reek of peat on their clothes, as do their wives when they come home!
The term Slàinte Mhath (Pronounced Slanj-a-va) is actually both Irish and Scots Gaelic. The way the phrase is pronounced is the same for both dialects, however, the way it is spelt differs subtly. The Irish spell it Slàinte Mhaith. The phrase translates to "Good health" in both dialects, and if you want to respond to this using Scots Gaelic, you would say, "do dheagh shlainte" meaning "to your good health."
The Balvenie is unique among single malts due to its natural alchemy and centuries-old craftsmanship, The whisky-making process is dedicated to maintaining the ‘Five Rare Crafts’ as it is the only distillery in Scotland that still grows its own barley, uses traditional floor maltings and keeps both a coppersmith and a team of coopers on site.
The Glengoyne Distillery is named after the migrating geese that stop by. Glen of the geese in Gaelic is Glen Guin, ergo, Glengoyne.
Glengoyne's liquid waste is cleansed in CO2-capturing reed beds and solid waste is harvested for enough energy to power 354 homes each year.
The distillery is powered by the winds outside that run its turbines.
They claim to be the slowest whisky distiller in Scotland
The Glen Spey Distillery was built at Rothes, Speyside.
The town is also home to Glen Grant, Caperdonich, Glenrothes and Speyburn.
The distillery was founded in 1878 by James Stuart, who sold it shortly after buying Macallan eight years later. The buyers, W&A Gilbey (more famous for their gin), were the first English company to own a Scottish distillery.
Gilbey rebuilt Glen Spey after a fire in 1920 and shepherded the distillery through the Prohibition era and WWII, before merging with United Wine Traders to form International Distillers and Vintners (IDV), a forerunner to (and one of the key whisky-distilling elements of) what would become today's globe-straddling drinks behemoth Diageo plc.
Almost all of Glen Spey's 1.3 million litres/year output goes into the J&B blended whisky.
Linkwood has been released as three different 26-year-olds, each spending 14 years in ex-rum, red wine or port casks respectively.
At one time the distillery grew its own barley and had cows which ate the distillery’s own spent - and alcohol-free grain.
The whisky features prominently in Johnnie Walker blends, but has also been bottled as a single malt in Diageo’s Flora and Fauna range.
Dailuaine was founded in 1853 by farmer William MacKenzie, the distillery has been rebuilt several times, just like its contemporaries along the Spey valley. In 1889, it was the first distillery to be fitted with architect Charles Doig’s pagoda roof, which allows peat smoke to exit the malting while protecting the grain from the elements.
1889 saw the installation of Scotland’s first pagoda on a kiln whose pitch was deliberately steep to minimise the contact time between peat smoke and drying malt, one of the clearest indications of how the old ‘Strathspey’ style was changing.
At the end of the 19th century, Dailuaine was the largest single malt distillery in Speyside and also one of the most innovative in terms of design.
In 1898 Dailuaine formed a company with Imperial and, somewhat bizarrely, Talisker on the Isle of Skye.
Single malt bottlings of Benrinnes are extremely rare. The spirit is in high demand by blenders as a result.
The distillery was built by Peter Mackenzie in 1826 at the bottom of Ben Rinnes hill. Three years after its founding, the distillery was destroyed by a flood. A few years later it was rebuilt at a different higher site, 1.5 km afar, by John Innes and renamed Lyne of Ruthrie.
Later the distillery went bankrupt and was sold to William Smith who named it back to Benrinnes.
In 1896 the distillery was destroyed again. But this time it burned down.
Its most famous owner was Alexander Edward who was a partner in Craigellachie distillery, owned Aultmore, Dallas Dhu and was for a time co-owner of Oban.
In the 1950s it was rebuilt and renovated by the John Dewar & Sons company, which ended the farming at Benrinnes and closed the malting floors.
Benrinnes used to have two wash stills with ca. 21,000 litres volume, two intermediate stills with ca. 5,000-litre volume and two spirit stills with about 7,000-litre volume.
It has six stills which are run in two pairs of three. For years a form of partial triple distillation was utilised to help promote a meaty/sulphury new make character. The low wines from the first distillation were split into strong and weak feints. The lower-strength portion was redistilled in the middle still and split into two again, with the stronger part [strong feints] being carried forward, and the weaker being retained for the next charge. The strong feints were then mixed with the highest strength distillate from the wash still and redistilled in the spirit still. Today they use the small intermediate stills as spirit stills.
The unique quality of the Benrinnes is that the wash still is more than double the size of the spirit stills.
As many as 11 distilleries use water sourced from Benrinnes.
The Perth Royal, introduced by Matthew Gloag & Son in 1897/8, around the same time as The Famous Grouse blend, was still available through to the late 1990s, when sales of Perth Royal were limited and mainly confined to Perth and Perthshire. For a time during the 1970s, the Corrie Blending Company (which was struck off the companies register in 1989) bottled Perth Royal, but it reverted to Matthew Gloag & Sons – now a subsidiary of Edrington – for the rest of its existence. It is no longer bottled.
Inchmurrin’s intensely fruity new make spirit, which evolves into lighter flavours of grass and flowers, is the result of a high cut point from a pot still equipped with rectifying heads at the versatile Loch Lomond distillery in Alexandria. It is part of the still developing Loch Lomond Island Collection malts range.
Loch Lomond distillery has been developed since its founding in 1966 to be capable of producing at least eight styles of spirit.
In 1707, the Act of Union between England and Scotland led to the dissolution of the Scottish Parliament and Scotland was subjected to direct rule from London; The Act stipulated that taxes on alcohol had to be the same on both sides of the border.
In 1713, London attempted to introduce the English Malt Tax in Scotland and set off violent protestS there. The Malt Tax was highly controversial in Scotland. British distillation for the production of gin was based primarily on wheat. There was only a little malt being used in England, mostly for the production of beer, so the tax was not particularly onerous. The bulk of the malt being produced was in Scotland and Ireland for whisky.
Between 1786 and 1803, a span of 17 years, the duties on stills had increased by a factor of more than 77 times.
The Brits faced rampant alcoholism from cheap gin. The consumption of gin in London had reached 3.5 million gallons in 1727. By 1735 it had risen to 5.5 million gallons, i.e., two pints per week per inhabitant.
Lowland distillers, principally the Haigs and Steins, the first whisky dynasties, had started sending whisky to London for rectification into gin in 1777. This was the first recorded export of Scotch outside Scotland.
In 1816, one year after Waterloo, taxes on whisky were cut by a third, and the use of smaller stills was again allowed in the Lowlands. Following a lengthy Royal commission, Parliament passed the Excise Tax of 1823. Taxes were again decreased and most restrictions on the production and export of whisky for licensed distillers were eliminated.
In August 1822, King George IV made a highly publicised trip to Edinburgh, where he discovered the illicit whisky being produced in the district of Glenlivet in Speyside. It is not entirely clear whose whisky the king tasted. The distillery that today bears the name “The Glenlivet” hadn’t even been founded yet.
Elizabeth Grant of Rothiemurchus’, in her Memoirs of a Highland Lady 1797-1830, described how all of Scotland “went mad” over the king’s visit, how Lord Conyngham “was looking everywhere for pure Glenlivet whisky” as “the king drank nothing else.”
In 1835, William IV granted the first royal warrant to a whisky producer, The Brackla. He declared it his favorite whisky. Queen Victoria granted royal warrants to both Lochnagar and Royal Brackla (hence the designation “royal” in their names), and gave a standing order that all royal coaches should carry a bottle of whisky under the coachman’s seat in case of an “emergency.”
A Lomond still consists of a pot still topped with a neck fitted with several plates, which can be turned on or off depending on the producer’s desire.
The Lomond still was developed in 1955, when blended Scotch was extremely popular, to allow distillers to make a range of whisky styles on a single piece of equipment, multiplying their opportunities to create different flavour profiles for blending. By choosing which plates to engage, producers could simulate a short-necked still, a long-necked still, or something in between, with varying levels of rectification within the column itself. They could even change the angle of the lyne arm, adding yet another variable.
During the mid-20th century, Lomond stills were installed at Loch Lomond, Glenburgie, Miltonduff and Scapa, although only the wash still at Scapa and the Lomond still at Bruichladdich remain in use.
6001. Mannochmore has warehouses capable of storing more than 250,000 casks of maturing spirit. The distillery has its own dark grains processing plant, converting draft and pot ale into animal feed.
Their first official single malt was only released in 1992.
Founded in 1798, Blair Athol is one of Scotland’s oldest legal distilling sites. The Distillery sits in the quaint town of Pitlochry in picturesque Perthshire. One of the key components of the famous Bell's Blend, Blair Athol is adored for its fruity flavour and smooth finish.
The reason for green bottles for whisky was simple-to prevent direct sunlight from hitting the whisky inside and affecting it adversely. Nowadays, it is used as a marketing ploy by some brands.
The requirement for only brand new casks to be used in the production of bourbon and rye is not down to specifics of flavour, of ancient production mandates or to keep traditions alive, it is actually down to lobbying.
The Cooperage Union, at the end of prohibition, successfully negotiated, with the help of external pressure, for the American whiskey industry to only use new casks for each spirit fill. This definitely helped in job retention.
Rye was born in the northeastern parts of the United States during the revolution era. When the English blockaded the harbours, the US ran out of rum so created whiskey from rye grain.
Bourbon did not take over as America’s whiskey until after prohibition.
As well as being the President of the United States, George Washington was the country’s largest producer and distributor of rye whiskey in the USA.
At the San Francisco World Spirits Competition, Lagavulin’s 16-year Scotch flourished, winning four consecutive double gold medals between 2005 and 2008. But it was the 2017 competition when the Scotch took home the title of Best Distiller’s Single Malt and won a double gold medal, receiving unanimous gold medal scores from panellists.
The Glenesk Hotel in Angus, Scotland broke a world record for the largest whisky collection in December 2017. Its 2,500 bottles comprise 1,031 on the official hotel docket as well the owners’ impressive 1,449-bottle private collection. The most expensive pour on the list is Lagavulin 25, which retails for €299 per dram (approximately $345).
The early story of whisky in Scotland, from the 18th century onwards, largely went un-documented due to illegal production and smuggling. It’s often only the hidden remains of whisky bothies, forgotten objects and oral tradition that can provide the record of this formative period for the national drink from Scotland.
There are around 30 known illicit still sites on properties cared for by The National Trust for Scotland, including Mar Lodge Estate, Torridon, Kintail, Ben Lomond, Ben Lawers, Glencoe and Grey Mare’s Tail.
SWA and NTS are now appealing for any stories about whisky making, smuggling and drinking to get a bigger picture of the history of distilling across Scotland.
Early in 2018, the world’s first regulated whisky investment fund was launched. Single Malt Fund allows investors to buy a small part of a bigger collection of rare and limited-edition whiskies.
If bourbon is aged for more than two years but less than four, it must bear an age statement on the label.
The combination of beer and whisky is known as a ‘boilermaker’ in America, where blue-collar labourers regarded it as an effective pick-me-up after a shift down in the mines.
After Prohibition ended, 69-year-old James B. Beam got his distillery up and running in just 120 days. Factually, that was 120 days late. Having got wind of the momentous decision a day earlier, hundreds of motor boats loaded with liquor were waiting at the 12-mile international border, both East and South, for a signal to rush in. JFK's father Joe Kennedy, a good friend of then President FD Roosevelt who lifted Prohibition, starting with the Cullen-Harrison Act of 1933, made a fortune when Prohibition was lifted.
Joe Sheridan, a head chef in Foynes, County Limerick claims to have invented and named the Irish Coffee. A group of American passengers disembarked from a Pan Am flying boat on a miserable winter evening in the 1940s, so Sheridan added whiskey to their coffee. When they asked if they were being served Brazilian coffee, Sheridan replied, ‘No, Irish coffee”.
Jack Daniel’s is Tennessee whiskey, not bourbon.
When Norman Lamont was Chancellor in the early 1990s, the bag which was waved at photographers outside No 11 contained a bottle of Highland Park, while the speech itself was carried in a plastic bag by his then-aide, William Hague.
The world’s largest collection of Scotch whisky is known as ‘the Perfect Collection with a staggering 3,384 bottles.
The record for the smallest bottle goes to White Horse, who produced a bottle containing just 1.3 millilitres of whisky.
Blair Athol’s ancient source of water is the Allt Dour – in Gaelic “the burn of the otter” - which flows through the grounds from the slopes of Ben Vrackie.
Blair Athol was saved during the depression by Arthur Bell and Sons.
The early 1900s were a difficult time for whisky production. Production at Glen Elgin began in 1900 and within 6 years it was mothballed twice and then sold.
Fortunately, Glen Elgin was revived and has contributed to the flavour of one of the world's most treasured blended whiskies as well as being available to enjoy as a honey-sweet Single Malt in its own right.
The buildings of the Glen Elgin distillery are rather modest, this being due to a lack of funding when it was first built in 1898. In 1901, the distillery was acquired at auction by the Glen Elgin-Glenlivet Distillery Company for £4,000. Production began once more, though it only lasted from 1904 to 1905.
A grain whisky is any whisky made using grains but not on a pot still.
This definition can be extended to grain Scotch whisky, providing that the output of the processing is matured as a New Make for three years in a wooden cask < 700 L.
Barley is used more often than not in the grain mash that is processed to make grain whisky.
Among all grains usable in making grain whisky, barley has the maximum catalytic agents to convert sucrose to lower sugars and then ethanol. Its presence calls for a reduction in the amount and types of yeast used for fermentation.
Grain whisky naturally interacts with the wood, and like malt whiskies gains additional flavours (additive maturation), loses unwanted notes (subtractive maturation), but still never reaches the depth and complexity of a malt whisky. The distillate from the column distillation, being more efficient, removes more of the base flavours and makes for fewer and less desirable flavour compound creation.
Most grains do not necessarily mature in fresh or particularly notable oak casks. As casks and barrels can be used almost indefinitely in Scotland, the bulk of grain whiskies matured in casks that are reaching the end of their natural life. This is especially true when it comes to cheap brands.
Bulk ethanol is usually stored in metallic containers of up to 25-30,000L capacity.
The Balvenie distillery is conveniently located just 200 metres from the train station of Dufftown.
Balvenie is one of almost two dozen malt whisky distilleries that were founded during the 'whisky boom' of the late 19th century and which have managed to survive until this day. The other survivors include Aberfeldy, Ardmore, Aultmore, Benriach, Benromach, Bruichladdich, Bunnahabhain, Craigellachie, Dalwhinnie, Dufftown, Glendullan, Glenfiddich, Glen Moray, Glenrothes, Glentauchers, Knockandu, Knockdhu, Longmorn, Tamdhu and Tomatin.
Amrut 'Amaze I', 50% ABV, OB was made for SMAC, Bangalore, the first private Club Bottling in India. The release (120 Bts) is the first of a planned Trio of Amaze Series.
The Amrut 'Amaze II' had 248 Bts, 750ml.
Grain whiskies are often stored in spent casks. After three years, they may be stored anywhere. The low costs incurred paved the way for No Age Statement whiskies.
Malt whiskies 3-5 years in age are mixed with indifferent grain whiskies that are three years old. Their cost is in single digits.
Bladnoch is a Lowland Single Malt Scotch Whisky Distillery with a complicated history. Production-wise, its style varied. At the start of the Bell’s era it was light and floral, but the blender’s template of nutty and spicy became the norm towards the end of its ownership. Inconsistency in its owner’s concept has seen a regular change of ownership, interspersed with closure.
Intensity is what helps to define Aultmore. Its wort is clear, the fermentations long, but its stills are relatively small with downward lyne arms. Running the stills slow helps to maximise reflux, but the shape also allows some heavier elements to come across. In character, therefore, Aultmore shares some of the same characteristics as Linkwood – fragrant on the nose, substantial on the tongue.
Twice in its history (1817-), Bladnoch’s saviours have come from Northern Ireland. The first of these was Belfast distiller Dunville & Co. which owned the Royal Irish distillery. In 1994, however, two brothers from Northern Ireland bought it with the initial idea of turning the extensive site into a holiday village but switched to distillation. Lack of interest saw it close down again, in 2014. In July 2015, Australian businessman David Prior, along with ex-SWA CEO, Gavin Hewitt, announced the purchase of Bladnoch and restored the distillery to its former glory.
In 1923, Aultmore became part of the John Dewar & Sons estate and has remained so ever since. In fact, so highly prized is it as a blending malt that it is said that when Bacardi was in the process of buying Dewar’s from Diageo, it was willing to walk away from the deal if Aultmore wasn’t included.
Ahead of Bladnoch’s reopening in 2017, three single malts created using existing stocks of Bladnoch (Samsara/Adela/Talia), were released in limited quantities in Australia, the UK and other global markets. Today, Bladnoch produces a light, grassy and malty Lowland-style malt.
Only the presence of two stainless steel washbacks (part of a 1966 refurb) alters the impression that little has changed. The new style is medium-weight and very fruity with a heavy honeyed floral character.
Blenders however found it a difficult customer, one of those highly individual malts which didn’t rub along particularly well with other elements in a blend. Had the single malt market been up and running in the 1970s its story might be very different, but its sheer awkwardness meant it was deemed surplus to Highland’s requirements and when it closed in 1986, no one thought it would ever re-open.
It did. In 2008, a Russian-financed firm bought the plant and restarted production. In 2013, it changed hands once again, becoming the third member of the BenRiach Distillery Co. (with Benriach and Glendronach).
Lochindaal Distillery was built in 1829 and dominated the village for 100 years until it closed in 1929 due to the Prohibition era.
After the neighbouring distillery Bruichladdich was bought, they announced that they would reopen the old Lochindall Distillery under the name Port Charlotte, but that plan has definitely been abandoned.
Two ruined farmsteads found in a Scottish forest may have been an illicit distillery, experts claim. Archaeologists surveyed the 18th-century remains in the Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park in advance of trees being harvested. They say the results suggest the Wee Bruach Caoruinn and the Big Bruach Caoruinn, near Loch Ard, were used to make whisky. The farms were abandoned in the 1840s. By the 1860s, they had fallen into ruin.
Denmark and Canada have decided to formally end their “light-hearted” dispute that spanned over 50 years over an uninhabited Arctic island. Dubbed as “Whisky wars”, the NATO allies had been squabbling over Hans Island, situated at an equal distance between Greenland and Canada's Ellesmere Island, since 1971, when the dispute first emerged at a bilateral meeting to discuss territorial boundaries.
The conflict earned the moniker “Whisky War” due to military ships visiting the island and planting flags and bottles of Canadian whiskey or Danish schnapps to mark their territory.
As of 22 Feb 2022, the Glenmorangie Signet is considered the best whisky in the world, with its use of high roast chocolate malt barley and a blend of Glenmorangie's rarest whiskies matured in bespoke casks.
In 2013, Balblair acted as the distillery where the (fictitious) only extant cask of Malt Mill was auctioned in Ken Loach’s whisky caper ‘The Angel’s Share’.
Balblair was closed in 1911, not reopening until after WWII when Churchill set out his edict that whisky needed to be made, and sold to the US. Robert Cumming, the owner of Old Pulteney, bought the silent site.
Early in 2018, the world’s first regulated whisky investment fund was launched. Single Malt Fund allows investors to buy a small part of a bigger collection of rare and limited-edition whiskies.
According to the Scottish Whisky Regulations of 2009, Scotland is divided into two protected localities (Campbeltown and Islay) and three protected regions (Highland, Lowland, and Speyside).
According to The French Federation of Spirits, whisky accounts for the highest retail sales of any spirit in France at 47.2 per cent. This is compared to Cognac which makes up only 0.7 per cent of sales.
The tagline on the Canadian group Hiram Walker & Sons'-which, in 1954, had taken over Bloch Brothers' holdings in Scotland- Ambassador Blended Scotch 1970s labels was ‘Scotch at its World’s Lightest’, but was never seen east of the USA.
Port Ellen is reputed to have been the first distillery to have incorporated Septimus Fox's spirit-safe design in the distillation process.
During World War II, many bourbon distilleries were converted in order to make fuel and penicillin.
Early in 2018, the world’s first regulated whisky investment fund was launched. Single Malt Fund allows investors to buy a small part of a bigger collection of rare and limited-edition whiskies.
Distilled alcoholic beverages made from gluten grains are gluten-free due to distillation removing gluten proteins.
A lot of the larger distilleries are not set up to bottle single casks which can contain as little as 350 bottles from one Hogshead. This is where an independent bottler can source casks, sample the spirit, and choose to bottle straight away or finish it in new and different casks, sometimes as a single malt or blend it with other distilleries’ casks to create a unique blend.
Independent whisky bottlers aim to add value to the Scotch industry globally, and to become synonymous with a consistently high-quality product. Long-term, the company’s dream is to be able to distil its own spirit using only the best ingredients, and with the greenest technology.
Independent bottlings offer consumers the chance to buy and try whisky from some of the top distilleries at a fraction of the price, especially when looking at single cask releases.
Ballantine’s believes that the Romans first introduced alcoholic drinks to Britain in the 13th century. There is, however, no proof adduced.
In 2001, a new style of drinking glass replaced the sturdy, straight-sided tumblers people used for years. It was slightly tulip shaped, wider at the bottom than the top, and had either a stem or a thick, knobby base so you could hold it without warming the bowl and the whisky inside it. The shape of the glass allows more of the surface of the drink to make contact with the air. The molecules of the spirit that carry its complex aromas are held within its bowl shape. The glass won the Queen's Award for Innovation after it was introduced and is now used at whisky festivals and competitions all over the world: The Glencairn Glass.
Deanston claims to be one of the greenest distilleries in Scotland. All of its power is generated by a turbine house which processes 20 million litres of water an hour. The excess electricity is then sold to the National Grid.
Its first single malt is named Old Bannockburn. Old Bannockburn is also a Blended Scotch.
Most of the whisky distilled at Deanston finds its way into the numerous blends of Burn Stewart, these include Scottish Leader, Teith, Black Bottle, Wallace Single Malt Liqueur and Drumgray Highland Cream Liqueur.
Only around 15% of annual whisky production is bottled as single malt.
Deanston Single Malt is handmade by ten local craftsmen.
As a cotton mill in its earlier days, Deanston was the first major industrial works to produce its own currency.
George Smith of The Glenlivet was presented with a pair of hair-trigger pistols for ten guineas by the laird of Aberlour, fellow legitimate distiller James Gordon.
The Glenlivet whisky was a success, and with demand high Smith built a second distillery at nearby Delnabo in 1850. The distance between the two distilleries at Drumin and Delnabo proved tricky to manage, and Smith acquired the tack at Minmore farm much closer to Drumin on which to build a new, larger distillery.
In 1858, as construction of Minmore was underway, Drumin distillery caught fire. It was dismantled and available parts sent to Minmore, which was named The Glenlivet distillery upon its opening in 1859. Delnabo was closed in the same year.
George Smith came to be known later on in life as Old Minmore.
George Smith was fleeced by his ‘friend’ Andrew Usher who was his sole agent in Edinburgh, who sold The Glenlivet at 21 Shillings a gallon plus a commission, having bought it for only ten shillings a gallon.
Usher also ran print advertisements without the Smith family’s approval, wherein he described Drumin Glenlivet as “The Real Glenlivat Whisky.”
Many whisky historians cite Usher, along with W. P. Lowrie and Charles MacKinley, as being one of the innovators who started mixing together malt whiskies from different distilleries for the express commercial purpose of discovering a style that was more accessible than the robust, cask-strength, single distillery Highland malts.
In 1853, Usher introduced the initial brand associated with The Glenlivet, Old Vatted Glenlivet (OVG) an amalgamation of different Drumin Glenlivet malt whiskies mixed with the malt and grain whiskies of other distilleries that was designed to appeal to a broad audience.
One advertisement in the June 14, 1844, edition of the Morning Post, Edinburgh, speaks glowingly of The Glenlivet and its debut in the vast London marketplace, saying, “. . . This whisky produced in the district of Glenlivet [note the correct spelling], upon the estate of His Grace the Duke of Richmond [‘Gordon’ had become ‘Richmond’], in the Northern Highlands, and pronounced by all connoisseurs to be by far the purist [sic] and finest spirit made in any part of these dominions, is now, for the first time, publicly introduced into London, under the patronage of his Grace. Andrew Usher & Co., of Edinburgh, sole consignees, who beg to announce that they have set up a depot for the sale of this unequalled whisky, in its native strength and purity, at No. 1 Northumberland Street, Strand, where supplies of this, and every other whisky of deserved reputation, will in future be received direct from Andrew Usher & Co.’s, bonded warehouse in Scotland. By his Grace’s permission, the Ducal arms, on the seal and label, will distinguish the Real Glenlivet from all others.Price 21s. per gallon for cash.”
in 1836, Port Ellen became the first distillery to trade with North America in 1848.
The peat that is used at the Port Ellen maltings is harvested from Castlehill moss, which is located less than three miles from the Port Ellen distillery.
The Port Ellen Maltings House is the largest building on Islay.
The original name for The Glenmorangie Company was Macdonald & Muir.
In 1887, Macdonald & Muir took over products blended by wine merchant Nicol Anderson.
Of note was the Bailie Nicol Jarvie (BNJ) blend, which Anderson claimed as having the ‘highest malt content of any blended Scotch whisky. This was in the era when Blended Malts ruled the roost, till being overtaken after ~1880 by Blended Scotch. BNJ was bought, reportedly, for £20.
Anderson named the blend after one of the central characters in Walter Scott’s 1819 novel, Rob Roy – a patriotic Glaswegian magistrate and merchant and example of the Lowland gentry.
BNJ, as it was colloquially known, was a full, rich blend composed of Islay, Highland and Speyside malts along with Lowland grain.
BNJ was introduced to the US by agents Balfour, Guthrie & Co of San Francisco after Prohibition ended.
Distilleries cite the PPM of the malted barley used as the base ingredient rather than measuring and sharing the PPM of the finished product.
Ailsa Bay single malt Scotch whisky is scientifically distilled at 022 parts “peat” and 019 parts “sweet”, then micro matured to a precise balance of oaky sweetness and smoky notes.
Ailsa Bay contains 22 ppm, which is assessed prior to bottling guaranteeing a more accurate measurement.
It is the first whisky to have an analysed measurement of sweetness identified (19 sppm) within it, allowing a balance between the peat and sweetness.
Ailsa Bay is also the only Scotch whisky to undergo a process called ‘micro maturation’. The distillery’s new make spirit is first filled into Hudson Baby bourbon casks that are between 25-100 litres in size, for six to nine months. The relatively small casks enable intense rapid maturation. The liquid is then transferred into virgin, first-fill and refill American oak casks for several years. The process is the first of its kind within the Scotch whisky industry.
6101. Ailsa Bay distillery was built to both replace ‘Balvenie-style’ malt for Grant’s blends and offer other flavour possibilities. Not surprisingly, the stills are shaped the same as Balvenie’s.
Four different characters are made: estery, nutty, fruity and heavily peated.
Many malt distilleries have been built within grain plants: Inverleven at Dumbarton (1959-1991), Ben Wyvis at Invergordon (1965-1977), Glen Flager and Killyloch at Garnheath (1965-1985), and Ladyburn at Girvan (1966-1976).
All of them were built by blending firms and came into being at a time when an increase in production was deemed necessary. All then closed when a downturn in demand occurred.
William Grant & Sons built Ailsa Bay in 2007 on the same Girvan site where Ladyburn had once stood. Demands for Grant’s blends (the Family Reserve range and Clan MacGregor) were growing, but so was the demand for its two flagship malts Glenfiddich and Balvenie, particularly the latter. This was the main reason for the construction of this eight-still, 5m litres per annum capacity site.
Ailsa Bay's first official bottling as a single malt was a no-age-statement heavily peated whisky released in February 2016.
Kilkerran has also been making a heavy peat style for a few years now in order to satisfy the ever-growing demand for a good peat monster. Its heavily peated batch editions go up to 84ppm at an ABV>59%.
Bruichladdich distillery was mothballed in 1994 due to a lack of demand for single malts that seems almost inconceivable today. Bruichladdich wouldn’t reopen until 2001.
The crystal decanter of Chivas Regal The Icon carries an intricately designed metal Chivas Regal logo, and an exquisite heavy stopper bearing the Chivas luckenbooth, an ancient Scottish symbol of love, which embodies the Chivas’ love for Scotch whisky.
Though a NAS whisky, The Icon has often been quoted as a 25 YO and a decanter recently auctioned by Sotheby’s was a 50 YO, distilled in 1968 and bottled in 2018, in memory of Manchester United’s European Cup final victory in 1968.
James had four children, Julia Abercrombie (1855), Alexander James(1856), Williamina Joyce Shirres(1857)and Charles James (1859). When he died in 1886, Alexander stepped up in his place as specifically nominated in James Chivas’ will.
In 1857, on the corner of Erb and Caroline Streets in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, entrepreneurs William Hespeler and George Randall established the Granite Mills & Waterloo Distillery, the company that Canadian whisky man Joseph Emm Seagram would purchase in 1883, marking the official beginning of the Seagram legacy in the annals of beverage alcohol.
In 2004, Tim Morrison, formerly of Morrison Bowmore Distillers, revived the Dewar Rattray company first established by his ancestor Andrew Dewar Rattray. The firm also developed Stronachie, a single malt sourced from Benrrinnes distillery on Speyside, and intended to replicate whisky produced at the now long-lost Stronachie distillery.
In 1860, loaf sugar sold for 10 pence per pound in Aberdeen; common black tea 3 shillings to 3 shillings, 6 pence per pound; Guinness’s Extra Double Stout 4 shillings, 6 pence per bottle; rum ranged from 9 to 14 shillings per gallon, while brandy garnered a steep 32 shillings per gallon because of stiff duties. Ordinary Highland malt whisky sold for 6 shillings, 6 pence per gallon; finer malt whisky at 11 per cent over proof brought in 8 shillings per gallon; and the malt whisky from George Smith’s new Glenlivet distillery at Minmore, considered Scotland’s crème de la crème, sold for 20 to 22 shillings per gallon.
Throughout the late 1860s and early 1870s, Alexander Joyce Clapperton Chivas, James and Joyce’s elder son, and Charles James Joyce Chivas, their youngest child, typically spent school holidays with their father in the shop. The latter seemed disinterested from the outset.
Charles James Joyce, proved to be a failure, requiring regular unrecorded bailouts to meet gambling debts. When James the father somehow caught wind of the sibling bailout through the Aberdeen social grapevine, he castigated both brothers and packed the younger ‘wastrel’ off to America in 1881, to look after their not-too-impressive American assets.
He met and married an American, Emma Grosskopf from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA and settled there. He dropped the name Charles to be called James Joyce Chivas thereafter and died in Milwaukee in 1908.
The use of peat in kilning went into a decline after 1945 and by the late 1950s most of the malt was lightly peated, while a few distillers began using unpeated malt.
During the 1950s, the yeast subsidiary of DCL introduced specially selected yeast, resulting in higher consistency and spirit yields. Most malt distillers, however, continued to add brewer’s yeast to this new Distiller’s yeast.
In the mid-1950s, a new style of Still, the Lomond Still, was introduced in a few distilleries (in 1954 at Inverleven and in 1957 at Glenburgie).
In the late 60s, steam heating became the standard and replaced mechanical stokers. Also, worm tubs were replaced by condensers (tubes in the shells) and heat exchangers were added to improve energy efficiency.
Talisker passes a lot of cold water through the tub, condensing the vapour quite quickly to reduce the copper contact, going from the vapour phase to the liquid phase.
Most companies before WWII were in British hands, but ownership progressively changed. By the early 1960s, over 60% of the distilleries were controlled from outside Scotland.
Changes in ownership increased in the 1970s, with 20 distilleries changing of hand between 1971 and 1981. For example, the Spanish Distilleries‐y-Crienza (DYC) took over the MacNab distilleries in 1973 and the same year, Publicker Industries (USA) took over Bladnoch. The next year, the French Pernod Ricard took over Campbell & Sons.
The Distillers’ Company Limited (DCL) was the result of the “Big Amalgamation” of 1925, resulting from the merger of the Big Five (Buchanan, Dewar, Walker, Haig, and Mackie). In 1961, they controlled 41 malt distilleries and 6 grain distilleries. It dominated the industry by its size and also by benefiting from a horizontal structure, by controlling barley purchase, production, marketing and distribution. As of the mid-1970s, DCL was producing 60% of all Scotch whisky.
The restriction on cereals allocation was removed in 1954. According to export quotas, 1 ton of barley (i.e., not malt) could be converted into 100 proof gallons and earn £84 in the overseas market.
Construction of new distilleries took place mainly in the 1960s, e.g., the construction of Lochside, Invergordon, Strathmore & Girvan distilleries. During the 1970s, the capacity rose mainly by further expansion of existing distilleries.
A consequence of increase output was the shortage of sherry casks. More American casks were thus imported. However, the construction of warehouses lagged behind.
Both to save casks and warehouse space, grain whiskies began to be filled at 20° over proof instead of 11°, thus allowing to increase storage capacity of 8%. In order to allow additional storage place, steel racking progressively replaced the traditional dunnage warehouses, and spirit tankered to the central warehouses to reduce transport.
A whisky boom took place in the 1950s, but of the 150 million proof gallons bonded in 1953, 125 million were laid down during the last five years. Thus stocks of matured whiskies were limited.
Ballindalloch, which started making whisky in 2014 uses slightly warmer tubs to create a lighter style. Ballindalloch’s tubs are about 10,000 litres each and the copper worms are about 70 metres long.
The water for the main house and for The Glenlivet distillery came from a pristine subterranean source, called Josie’s Well, the same water source used in the distillery today.
Morrison also established the Cask Collection label for single cask bottlings, and in 2011 the peated blended malt Cask Islay was released, being transformed into a single malt two years later.
Grand Old Parr Deluxe 12 YO is named in honour of Old Tom Parr, a character in British history who lived during the 16th and 17th centuries. He is known for being the oldest man in English history, having reportedly died at age 152.
Grand Old Parr was originally named Ancient Old Parr, changing to Grand Old Parr in 1941.
Brands that have been around for a century or more often sit toward the bottoms or backs of the shelves and don’t seem to receive much attention from publicists or writers but have dedicated long-time followings. Old Overholt and Old Granddad ryes are two examples; they were “discovered” by cocktail bartenders ~1940.
Brothers James and Samuel Greenlees were whisky blenders and merchants in 1871 and created the Old Parr blend in 1909. A big seller in London, it grew to become more successful as an export, mainly to Latin America. It claimed to have 52% of the entire Colombian Scotch whisky market in 2010.
An 18 YO Old Parr Superior also exists, but this family is not seen in Europe or the USA. The 15 YO, Old Parr Elizabethan and Tribute extensions were dropped by 2010.
Some 43 per cent of German tourists in Scotland visit a distillery while visiting, making it the second most popular activity for the demographic.
The Jack Daniel’s distillery is located in a ‘dry county', meaning alcohol sales therein are prohibited. An exception has been made for the distillery.
There was a whisky rebellion in Pennsylvania in 1794 due to whisky taxing. The tax was eventually repealed in 1802.
The first Scottish distillery to install a Coffey Still was the Grange Distillery, which fell silent in 1851.
There are over 300,000 varieties of barley but only a few are suitable for malt whisky production.
The year 1904 marked 500 years since the first written reference to Irish whisky was penned. Many producers released anniversary bottlings.
The year 1994 marked 500 years since the first written reference to Scotch whisky was penned. Many producers released anniversary bottlings.
In Victorian times, some Scottish distilleries allowed workers to stop for a dram each time a bell rang.
After Prohibition ended in the USA, 69-year-old James B. Beam got his distillery up and running in just 120 days. That was 119 days after a hundred thousand gallons of Scotch Whisky bottles had already changed hands.
Distilled alcoholic beverages made from gluten grains are gluten-free due to distillation removing gluten proteins.
A cooper’s apprentice must work accompanied for four years before being allowed to tackle their own barrel.
One large oak tree is said to yield enough wood for approximately three 60-gallon casks.
The combination of beer and whiskey is known as a ‘boilermaker’ in America, where blue-collar labourers regarded it as an effective pick-me-up after a shift down in the mines.
The Keeper of the Quaich is awarded to those who make an outstanding contribution to the Scotch whisky industry for at least five years and outstanding Keepers may progress to become Masters of the Quaich.
George Washington was the only founding father to commercially operate a distillery. It was one of the biggest distilleries of its time but was unfortunately destroyed by a fire a few years after opening.
Ireland’s Old Bushmills Distillery claims to be the country’s oldest legally functioning distillery. Operations on the present site date back to 1276 by some accounts, which seems doubtful. The company that originally built the distillery was formed in 1784, although the date 1608 is printed on the label of the brand – referring to an earlier date when a royal licence was granted to a local landowner to distil whisky in the area.
In 2017 Scottish scientists powered a car using a biofuel derived from whisky residue.
The world’s largest collection of Scotch whisky is known as the Perfect Collection with a staggering 3,384 bottles.
The record for the smallest bottle goes to White Horse, who produced a bottle containing just 1.3 millilitres of whisky.
The record for the largest bottle of whisky goes to Famous Grouse. The distillers created a 1.7-metre bottle containing 228 litres of whisky.
Jack Daniel ran away from his stepmother at the age of six and learned to distil whisky from a Lutheran minister.
You can earn an academic degree in distilling.
The Guinness World Record for the oldest bottle of whisky in the world belongs to the Glenavon Special Liqueur Whisky. Bottled between 1851 and 1858, it sold at auction for an astounding £14,850.
The Royal Brackla Distillery in Nairn, Scotland is situated in the Cawdor Estate. In Shakespeare’s play, this is the home of the fictional Thane of Cawdor, Macbeth.
Inchmurrin is one of a raft of single malt styles produced at Loch Lomond distillery, which has been developed since its founding in 1966 to be capable of producing at least eight styles of spirit.
It has historically been mostly reserved for the company’s blends. Bought out in 2014, Inchmurrin has adopted a more significant role in the portfolio, with current variants including a 12-year-old, Madeira wood finish and 18-year-old.
Perhaps taking its inspiration from Johnnie Walker’s famous ‘Coloured Label’ bottling and John Dewar & Sons ‘White Label', the Dundee whisky firm of John Robertson & Son went for the colour yellow for its signature blend. It was last seen ~ 1980.
Serendipity Blended Malt Scotch Whisky was an accidental product. The Glenmorangie Company had no plans to produce this blended malt; its creation arose from a mistake made in the blending hall at the company’s blending facility at Broxburn.
As a result of the error, Serendipity became a blend of Ardbeg and Glen Moray single malts, with Ardbeg making up most of the mix. The result was a toned-down Ardbeg that Glenmorangie marketed as a ‘lighter taste of Islay’ bottled as a 12-year-old.
Independent family distiller, William Grant & Sons, has launched a 10-year-old single malt Scotch whisky, Aerstone, in the US, focussing on the impact of maturation and malting on flavour. It is available in two expressions – Sea Cask 10-Year-Old and Land Cask 10-Year-Old. Their aim is to make people understand what a spectrum of flavours is, using clear taste descriptors on the two different types of bottlings.
Sea Cask is a classic Speyside-style single malt with nutty vanilla notes. Since this whisky is matured in warehouses located close to the sea on the Ayrshire coast, it has a subtle salty note on the finish.
Land Cask, on the other hand, is described as ‘rich and smoky’ and is a peated single malt zeroing in on the use of highland peat in the malting.
Johnnie Walker has a limitless supply of very old casks and regularly offers whisky connoisseurs ultra-rare limited edition bottles with corresponding prices. The next on this lineup of ultra-rare bottles is the 48-year-old Masters of Flavour Whisky. The package includes a limited digital art piece designed by buzzworthy artist and graphic designer, Kode Abdo, aka BossLogic.
Masters of Flavour is crafted from fleetingly rare whiskies from Port Dundas, Brora, Glen Albyn, and Glenury Royal, four Scottish “ghost distilleries,” long since disappeared from productive life.
With so many brands disappearing, Glenkinchie now plays an integral role in the crafting of Johnnie Walker whiskies.
Dewar's 25-Year-Old was finished in Royal Brackla casks and introduced to travel retail in October 2017.
The Grand Old Par is named in honour of Old Tom Parr, a character in British history who lived during the 16th and 17th centuries. He is known for being the oldest man in English history, having reportedly died at age 152.
The deluxe Ancient Old Parr 12 YO Scotch whisky was first introduced in 1909 by the Greenlees Brothers of London and Glasgow, and renamed Grand Old Parr in 1941. Though it’s blended and bottled in Scotland, it’s no longer sold in the U.K.
Its primary malt is Cragganmore.
The standard blend is the 12-year-old called Grand Old Parr (40% ABV). The 15-year-old blend is known as Old Parr (43%), and the 18-year-old is known as Old Parr Superior (43%). Old Parr Superior was launched in 1989 and is blended in small quantities in Scotland twice a year.
Discontinued blends Old Parr Tribute and Old Parr Elizabethan, the latter launched in the mid-1980s, retailed at a higher price than Superior.
In 2014 a new Old Parr Tribute was introduced for the Colombian market.
Two events, the Phylloxera epidemic at the end of the nineteenth century and the imposition of Prohibition in the United States in the early twentieth century, would prove pivotal in the growth of the Scotch whisky industry, and would lead to its ascendency and its current dominance of the spirits market.
In Europe, specifically France, wine had reached a “golden age” by the mid-1800s. Production and quality were at a peak when the first of three tragedies that would cripple the wine industry, and its related brandy industry, struck. The combined effect would prove devastating.
The first blow was Odium—specifically Uncinula necator—a fungus that causes powdery mildew on grapes. Crippling, but not devastating, it reduced wine production significantly. This mildew was brought under control in less than a decade, circa 1850-60.
In 1863, just as vintners breathed a sigh of relief the second and crippling North American invader—the Phylloxera epidemic—hit them. Phylloxera was caused by a tiny insect, an aphid, sometimes referred to as the grape louse.
The solution to this attack was found in 1868, and matters began to come back to an even keel in 1870.
In that period, some 40 percent of France’s vineyards were destroyed and the industry was set back for decades.
The third tragedy to hit the European wine industry was the “Downy” mildew. Europe recovered only circa 1890. By then, 75 to 85 percent of Europe’s vineyards were obliterated.
As rye whisky in the US enjoys a boom, Scotch whisky producers are beginning to experiment with rye whisky in production and maturation. The Glenmorangie Spios was aged entirely in American rye whisky casks, and some Johnnie Walker releases have also featured rye cask maturation.
Microdistilleries have been popping up across Scotland like flies. The usual route is through Gin for the three years required in the cask for Scotch whisky.
The Fife distilleries of Eden Mill and Kingsbarns have seen an enormous demand for their budding young malts, while Ncn’ean and Lindores have produced a new whisky/gin hybrid, infusing their malt spirit with botanicals until their stock ages long enough so it can legally be called ‘whisky’.
With the launch of its Captain’s Reserve, Glenlivet may be the first Scotch whisky distillery to have a core range bottle involving Cognac maturation.
In 2018, as per Scotch Whisky Association, the export volume of Scotch whisky increased by 558 million bottles.
Today’s young customer idea of contemporary Scotch is a category spearheaded by brands like Monkey Shoulder, Haig Club, Naked Grouse and Copper Dog. These brands are, each in their own way, challenging the conventions of the Scotch category and thriving as a result.
The Scottish whisky market was valued at US$ 4.97 Bn in 2018, and it is expected to reach US$ 7.89 Bn by the end of 2027, exhibiting a CAGR of 5.3% during the forecast period (2019 to 2027).
The modern version of Bailie Nicol Jarvie appeared in 1994 when Macdonald & Muir relaunched it as a rich blend with a 60% malt content drawn from Islay, Speyside and the Highlands, and grain from Girvan. The youngest component whisky was at least 8 years old.
After a failed attempt to take market share from Bell’s and the Famous Grouse, and with increasing pressure to conserve Glenmorangie’s malt portfolio for single malt bottlings, BNJ was finally withdrawn.
Glenmorangie distillery started life as the local brewery for the town of Tain. In 1843, William Matheson converted it to a distillery and it remained in the family until 1887, when it was sold to the Glenmorangie Distillery Co, co-owned by the Maitland brothers and Duncan Cameron.
After WW I, the business was sold to a partnership between two blending and broking firms, Macdonald & Muir and Durham & Co, soon passing entirely to the former, which used the whisky for blends such as Highland Queen. Although it was bottled in small quantities from the 1920s, a change of strategy in 1959 saw Glenmorangie revived as a single malt that soon became the biggest seller in Scotland.
The distillery at Red River [Abhainn Dearg] on the western coast of The Isle of Lewis is officially the most remote whisky-making site in Scotland.
Abhainn Dearg, the first legal distillery in the Outer Hebrides in 200 years, invokes the provenance of its location in its whisky, launched its first 10-year-old 46% ABV single malt – the oldest whisky to be produced by a legal distillery in the Outer Hebrides, In December 2018.
Coleburn distillery was founded in Longmorn, Elgin in 1897, but was closed in 1985 by then-owner Distillers Company Limited due to degrading plant equipment and a turbulent period in the whisky industry. Much of Coleburn’s whisky was used in blends, mainly the Johnnie Walker Family, and as a result has rarely been bottled as a single malt.
6201. Scotch whisky contains high levels of elegiac acid, which is an antioxidant compound that prevents the body against cancer. Furthermore, Scotch whisky also reduces the risk of stroke, helps prevent diabetes, and lowers the risk of dementia.
In November 2019, Diageo launched a new artificial intelligence-based whisky selector, which is helpful in selecting single malt scotch whiskies for consumers based on their individual tastes. This device can be accessed from all smartphones or electronic devices, which are connected via the internet. This mobile application is named “what’s your whisky” and uses innovative FlavourPrint Technology.
Bowmore Islay Single Malt Scotch Whisky became an exclusive spirits partner of Aston Martin Lagonda in 2019. These two British luxury brands came into collaboration for creating an exclusive series of outstanding products and experiences by selling Scotch whisky to its customers. The company's first range features new designs created by Aston Martin for Bowmore’s existing 10-, 15- and 18-year-old whiskies in global travel retail (GTR).
They have a $75,000 version as well as a $66,000 bottle.
William Maxwell & Co. Ltd (now known as Ian Macleod Distillers), a distributor of Scotch whisky in Scotland was founded approximately 80 years ago and is the self-declared 10th largest whisky company in Scotland.
Smokehead Islay Single Malt Whisky is grabbing headlines with a world-first in the whisky industry, the first-ever single malt in a ready-to-drink can serve (2020).
Kick-starting the brand-new ready-to-drink range are two serves: 'Smokehead mixed with Cola’ and ‘Smokehead mixed with Ginger Ale + Lime’.
According to Richard Paterson, who began his illustrious whisky blending career with A. Gillies & Co in Glasgow in 1966, the company was ‘an old-fashioned firm involved in broking, blending and distilling.’
While based out of Renfield Street in Glasgow, it operated the Glen Scotia distillery and a whisky warehousing and bottling site in Campbeltown, the latter formed from the merger of Glen Nevis and Ardlussa’s disused warehouses.
Its main Scotch whisky brands included the Old Court, Scotia Royale and Royal Culross blends, as well as Glen Scotia single malt.
The Ardlussa Distillery was a whisky distillery in Campbeltown, Scotland, once known as the "whisky capital of the world", that was founded in 1879 and closed in 1924. It was owned by James Ferguson & Sons, who also owned the Jura Distillery.
According to the author Angus Martin and his research published in his book ‘Campbeltown Whisky – An Encyclopaedia’, the most distilleries operating at any one time in Campbeltown legally (i.e. licensed) were 22. However, the list of Scotch whisky distilleries that have operated in Campbeltown since 1815, is over 30, even though only 3 of them are active today: Glengyle, Glen Scotia and Springbank.
Campbeltown’s boom in whisky production was due in part to steam navigation as this allowed whisky to be shipped directly to Glasgow in just 9 hours. By 1891, Campbeltown, with a population of just 1,969 was reputed to be the richest town in Britain per capita.
There are still many stories around the town from the days gone past and of the people involved in the scotch whisky business, such as Duncan MacCallum, who drowned himself in Crosshill Loch in 1930 and who was wealthy enough to be considered a multi-millionaire by today’s rates. The mystery behind his apparent suicide remains, as well as the stories of MacCallum haunting the Glen Scotia Distillery to this day.
In 1891, MacCallum was head of the consortium Stewart, Galbriath & Co that by 1905 held controlling interests in Benromach, Glen Albyn and Glen Dronach distilleries. He was also involved in building Glen Nevis Distillery back in 1877. The group purchased Glenside Distillery in 1908 and set up West Highland Malt Distilleries Ltd in 1919 to run (Glen) Scotia, Glen Nevis, Glengyle, Kinloch, Dalintober and Ardlussa distilleries, until the group’s bankruptcy in 1924.
The distilleries that operated in Campbeltown are: Campbeltown Distillery, Caledonian, Kinloch, Lochhead, Longrow, Meadowburn, Burnside, Dalaruan, Hazelburn, Rieclachan, Kintyre, Union, Highland, McKinnon’s, Glenramskill, Springbank, Lochside, Springside, West Highland, Glenside, Dalintober, Meadowbank, (Glen) Scotia, Broombrae, Lochruan, Drumore, Mossfield, Thistle or Mountain Dew, Toberanrigh, Albyn, Argyll, Benmore, Glengyle, Glen Nevis, Ardlussa and Ballegreggan.
After 25 years of silence, the beating heart of the Scottish town of Falkirk, Rosebank Distillery produced a whisky that was often described as the ‘King of the Lowlands’ until its gates closed in 1993. Macleod Distillers took over in 2017 and has begun the painstaking process of restoring and reopening the distillery.
At the peak of Campbeltown’s fame, in 1851, the region was home to 29 legal distilleries plus at least 50 (and probably many more) illicit distilleries. In fact, it was the most productive whisky region in Scotland. Today, sadly, only 3 operating distilleries remain in Campbeltown – Glen Scotia, Springbank and Glengyle distilleries.
Kilkerran is derived from the Gaelic ‘Ceann Loch Cille Chiarain’ which is the name of the original settlement where Saint Kerran had his religious cell and where Campbeltown itself now stands.
The well-known Kilkerran 12-year-old Single Malt logo is inspired by the tower of Campbeltown’s Lorne and Lowland church which can be seen from the distillery. The logo is a depiction of the view through a particular window in the distillery.
Why is Glengyle Distillery whisky branded as Kilkerran? Firstly, because the name Glengyle is already used for a blended Highland malt. Secondly, the owners are very proud of the antecedents of Kilkerran.
The local cemetery is also named Kilkerran.
It is still uncertain whether the experimental peated malt Craigduff was made at Strathisla or Glen Keith distillery. Chivas insists it was Strathisla, while others – notably Andrew Symington, who has been responsible for most of the extant bottlings – say it was distilled at neighbouring Glen Keith. Stories abound about peated water being transported from the Western Isles in drums and being subsequently concentrated and added to the wash distillation.
Kinclaith is a rare, yet better understood single malt. Produced for just shy of 20 years, Kinclaith was a blending malt distilled at Glasgow’s Strathclyde grain distillery between 1958 and 1977. The vast majority of it went into Long John blended Scotch, and although a few casks have popped up over the years it remains one of the scarcest names in Scottish single malt whisky.
Rare Ayrshire, better known as Ladyburn, was another malt distillery situated within a grain plant, this time at William Grant & Sons’ Girvan distillery. Ladyburn existed for just nine years between 1966 and 1975. There have been more than a few bottlings under the Ladyburn and Rare Ayrshire labels over the years, all of which were exceptional.
Craigduff, Kinclaith and Rare Ayrshire have only bottled single malts older than 40 years.
The Lagavulin 16-year-old was at its best the late 1990s, with an oily, peaty profile that dominated the 16-year-old’s earlier batches during the White Horse era pre-2000. This profile was lost circa 2012
The Laphroaig 9 Years Old bottled in 2000 at 62.1% ABV was known as the kind of whisky that will cure you forever or kill you stone dead.
The Port Ellen 35 Years Old, Signatory 30th Anniversary bottling was superbly smoky; the kind of complex smokiness best described as smoked petrol, mixed with pure brine with a slug of the very best olive oil added thereto.
It was summarised as : terrific distillate + refill wood + time = the kind of magnificent complexity you just cannot replicate otherwise. Port Ellen seemed to really hit its stride at these grander ages.
Cats In Distilleries
Where there’s barley, there’s mice. And mice breed like rabbits. Solution: introduce an agile feline or two to keep the population in check. In the pantheon of mouse-catching machines, Towser, the famous cat from the home of The Famous Grouse reigns supreme.
Amber succeeded her; however, it seemed that Amber never caught a single mouse and lived a life of leisure till 2004.
Dylan, a ginger tom from Forfar, and Brooke, a black and white female from Cardyke near Glasgow paired up as the next hunter-killers.
By July 2015, two new kittens, Glen and Turret, were taken on. Glen died soon thereafter amd and Glen II joined Turret.
Elvis is another famous cat, whose home is the Jura distillery. He has his own Facebook page – Elvis Juracat – and has hundreds of followers.
Tommy the Beast was a three-legged cat with the biggest head the Ardmore stillmen had ever seen.
Passport: In 1993 at Keith Bond One, a ‘very bedraggled, dirty, black-and-white little cat’, staggering and blinking in the light emerged from a container-load of ex-Bourbon casks from Kentucky, just in at the warehouse complex for Chivas Bros. She’d survived the four-week-long transatlantic journey, by train, sea and lorry, by licking the condensation off the inside of the casks. This explained why Dizzy, as she was instantly named, was so unsteady on her feet. After quarantine, the well-travelled feline was taken to live at Glen Keith distillery, then the home of Passport whisky – and renamed Passport, a wholly appropriate name given her odyssey.
At the Orkney distillery of Highland Park, there were three kittens from the same litter, and they were named Barley, Malt and Peat. Peat died tragically young, but Barley and Malt spent 15 years at the distillery. Both were run over by traffic outside the distillery.
Lindores Abbey Distillery in Newburgh, Fife, opened in 2017. The family who run it had just lost their 18-year-old mouser Toffee earlier that year. They took on two new kittens – Friar John Claw (FJC) and Vesper – but they had big boots to fill.
Traditionally, washbacks have been made of wood, Oregon Pine to be precise, but distilleries are now turning more towards stainless steel washbacks. The question is what does this do to flavour? The biggest and most obvious difference between wood and stainless steel is the fact that wood is natural and therefore porous. This can allow a lot of bacteria that thrive off the sugars in the wash liquid to grow in all the little crevices of the wood, making it vital that wooden washbacks and thoroughly and extensively cleaned. Stainless steel washbacks must also be thoroughly cleaned, but the risk of bacteria growing in wooden washbacks is much higher. Some distillers believe that the wood has its own long-term impact on the flavour.
At Glengoyne, the barley is only ever dried by air; the stills are the slowest in Scotland and the casks take six years to prepare. The spirit is nursed through the stills to create a complex, fruity, award-winning spirit.
The Tamdhu story doesn’t start at a distillery on Speyside. It starts under the warming Spanish sun. In 1898 Tamdhu’s founders secured their first precious shipment of sherry casks from the finest bodegas in Spain. Tamdhu matures its whisky exclusively in the finest Oloroso sherry casks and, CL for CL, is amongst the most expensive whiskies in Scotland.
Ian Macleod Distillers Smokehead Islay Single Malt Twisted Stout Scotch whisky is a limited-edition iteration, released in Jun 2022, that has spent an unspecified time ageing in ex-stout barrels. It is not available in Europe due to Brexit problems.
GlenWyvis, a ‘craft’ distillery, features 100% self-sufficiency. Powered by its own wind turbine, hydro scheme, solar panels and biomass boiler, the distillery operates completely off-grid. It has its own electric car and at some point in the future will offer visitors tours in its electric bus.
The turbine belongs to MD John McKenzie, who takes GlenWyvis’ draff for his cows as payment.
GlenWyvis is an amalgamation of the lost distilleries Ben Wyvis and Glenskiach, both of which closed in 1926.
Glen Mhor was one of a number of single malts bottled in the late 19th and early 20th century, proving that the commonly held notion that this was a 1960s concept is not borne out by historical evidence.
Glen Mhor was in the news most recently when it was named as one of the malts in the Mackinlay’s blend found entombed in ice under Ernest Shackleton’s hut.
The Yetts of Muckhart Perthshire distillery was sporadically open from 1817 to 1832 under three different licensees.
Talisker’s founders, brothers Hugh and Kenneth MacAskill were classic heartless Clearance Landlords who forcibly shifted the resident population, either to new settlements on the shores of the island, or off the island entirely.
As a distillery, Talisker was an abject failure, including fraudulent sales (1835-1880), till Roderick Kemp and Alexander Allen [owners of Dailuaine] took over. It also projected its brand as Talisker-Glenlivet, trying to cash in on the prominent suffix.
In 1894, Talisker gained a decent identity, and merged with Dailuaine and Imperial distilleries to form Dailuaine Talisker distilleries in 1898.
Berry Bros & Rudd is Britain's oldest wine and spirit merchant, established in the 17th century. Its flagship store has been located at 3 St James's Street, London, since 1698.
The company offers the ‘Selected by Berrys' After Dinner Range’ of whiskies, Blue Hanger blended malt, Craoi na Móna single Irish malt whisky and the special edition ‘John Milroy Selection of Scotch Whiskies.’
The company’s colourful history encompasses placing wines on board the Titanic, supplying smugglers running alcohol into Prohibition-era America, and sheltering Napoleon III in cellars beneath the shop!
The firm created the Cutty Sark blended whisky in 1923 and pioneered the vintage concept for the Glenrothes single malt (sold since to Edrington).
Achenvoir distillery was licensed to Malcolm McIntyre in 1816, but it closed in 1818.
Ambassador is a discontinued export blend first created by Glasgow blender Taylor & Ferguson Ltd, a big success in the US but unknown elsewhere. Over the years it was available as De Luxe, De Luxe 8-year-old, 12-year-old and Royal 12- and 25-year-old. It is likely that the constituent malts included Scapa and Glen Scotia.
The company was absorbed by blenders Bloch Brothers after WWII.
The tagline on the 1970s labels was ‘Scotch at its World’s Lightest’, and Ambassador continued to be available, principally in the US, until the late 1980s. It was advertised in Life magazine.
Caol Ila's receives the same spec of malt as Lagavulin, but its distillation regime – longer fermentation, higher cut point, taller stills –reduces the heavy phenols markedly.
The unpeated variant is equally delicate, with a fresh, estery and almost floral lift. Both versions are used by the Johnnie Walker family of blended Scotch, with volumes dependent on the forecasts of Diageo’s blending team.
If Glen Garioch can substantiate its claim that it officially opened in 1797, then this Oldmeldrum plant will become the oldest distillery in Scotland.
Glen Garioch’s malted barley used to be dried with peat from Pitsligo, giving its distinctive reek.
Glen Garioch survived in an era when other eastern distilleries foundered only because of its ownership by blenders J.F. Thompson of Leith ~ 1884. William Sanderson of Vat 69 (at that point one of the top-selling blends in the world) became a partner in 1886 and took full control in 1908.
Glen Garioch had always struggled for water and it was closed in 1968. A local water diviner found a new source of water and production not only restarted in 1970, but also increased.
At Bowmore, waste heat warmed the water of the town’s swimming pool, whereas At Glen Garioch, it heated two acres of greenhouses where tomatoes were grown.
House of Burn – also called House of Burns – was a close neighbour of Clathick distillery at Monzievaird, Perthshire. Both are closed now though the actual House of Burn is still at the same site today.
Interestingly, the sequestration of its last owner, McAra & Stirling, in 1827 even made the London Gazette in February 1828.
Located just outside the fishing port of Buckie, Inchgower is a defiantly coastal style of single malt. No other new make reaches the same level of intense spiciness perceived on the tongue as salinity.
Inchgower’s spicy character is driven initially by a hotter than usual second water during the mashing regime which cuts back any overt nuttiness. Fermentation is short and the steeply angled lyne arms on the stills help to capture weightier elements.
Built in 1871 by Alexander Wilson with apparatus bought off the failed Tochineal Distillery, this is one of the few distilleries to have been owned by the local town (Buckie) council which stepped in to save the plant in 1936 when the Wilson family went bankrupt. Two years later, Arthur Bell bought it for the princely sum of £3,000.
It has always been a significant player in blends, in this case Bell’s, whose own distilleries all shared variations on the ‘nutty-spicy' theme. It also plays a role within the Walker range.
Linkwood is the only distillery in Scotland in which the spirit stills are larger than the wash stills, allowing even more copper contact. The new make from Speysider Linkwood has the aroma of a spring meadow – mixing cut grass, apple and peach blossom.
Linkwood's freshness shows up on the palate as a thick texture which slows the whisky down in the mouth. It is this combination of texture and delicacy which makes it prized by blenders – and much loved by malt whisky aficionados. The fragrance is achieved by creating very clear wort, having a very long fermentation and slow distilling.
Kavalan is in fact the most visited distillery in the world, welcoming around 1.25 million visitors per year. To put this into perspective, Scotland’s best-visited distilleries (Glengoyne/Speyburn) receive a measly 90,000 visitors annually.
A distillery name must not be used as a brand name on any Scotch Whisky which has not been wholly distilled in the named distillery.
Tamdhu has had particular success marketing its whiskies to Taiwan, Japan and South Korea.
Glenglassaugh, another fairly sweet whisky, has proved to be a hit in Australia.
BenRiach has an “apple orchard” flavour that comes from the compound ethyl caprylate. Lipids in the spirit & fats from the barley, degrade during maturation to release this compound over time. It occurs commonly in Speyside casks more than in the casks of other regions.
England today has 14 distilleries.
The single malts that constitute a core single malt are blended at 20% ABV. The single malts that comprise a Blended Scotch are also blended at 20% ABV.
The Glenesk Hotel in Angus, Scotland broke a world record for the largest whisky collection in December 2017. Its 2,500 bottles comprise 1,031 on the official hotel docket as well as the owners’ impressive 1,449-bottle private collection.
In Stieg Larsson’s “The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets’ Nest,” literary icon Lisbeth Salander described Lagavulin as something that could “be used to tar a boat.” The heroine sips Lagavulin when she finds herself bellying up to the bar at The Rock Hotel on Gibraltar.
Johnnie Walker introduced its “Johnnie Blonde” exclusively to the Texas market, positioned as a lighter, sweeter, more mixable approach to blended scotch.
Dewar’s Celtic truth knot, a sign of strength and longevity, is constructed from the three D’s representing our founders – John, Tommy and John Alexander Dewar.
Dewar’s is The World’s Most Awarded Blended Scotch Whisky, accumulating over a thousand awards to date.
In 1892, while in New York, Thomas asked for his Dewar to be served in a tall glass, along with soda and ice. The ‘Original Highball’ was born.
In 1892 he set out on a two-year journey around the world, which was immortalised in the book A Ramble Round the Globe. His creative and revolutionary marketing techniques (including throwing empty bottles of Dewar’s overboard with reward notes inside for their finders) eventually became legendary.
Dewar’s French Smooth is an 8-year-old Blended Scotch Whisky finished in Apple Spirit (Calvados) Casks.
The intro to the Signature Blend series from The Last Drop contains liquid that has aged for at least 50 years, with a mere 500 bottles available worldwide and priced in the four-figure range.
Future expressions will be created in partnership with a powerhouse group of independent spirits experts dubbed “The Assembly.”
A Compass Box limited edition includes a parcel of whisky aged for three years in vino Naranja casks, a fortified wine from southern Spain, to which orange peel is added to the cask for a portion of the wine’s ageing process. That process results in “intense citrus oil and honeyed oak notes.” The finished blend, bottled at 46% ABV, also includes “marmalade stickiness” in the tasting notes.
A total of 5,880 bottles will be released worldwide. The packaging includes a frame on the label; consumers are encouraged to use the bottle’s QR code to link to a template where they can put their own photo, sketch, text, or the like within the frame and then print the personalised label.
Brazilian Claive Vidiz collected 3384 Scotch whisky bottlings, from the ultra-rare to the everyday dram. Diageo bought it in 2006 and put it on display for all to see at Edinburgh’s Scotch Whisky Experience.
GlenAllachie is one of the four distilleries designed by William Delmé-Evans, besides Macduff, Tullibardine and Jura and was built in 1967 as Glenallachie.
In July 2017, a capital ‘A’ was added to the distillery name by its new owner Billy Walker. He had made a similar change to BenRiach and GlenDronach distilleries.
Although its whisky was predominantly used by past owner Chivas Brothers for blending, under new ownership GlenAllachie is emerging as a single malt.
Located just outside the fishing port of Buckie, Inchgower is a defiantly coastal style of single malt. No other new make reaches the same level of intense spiciness which is perceived on the tongue as salinity.
In 1938, Arthur Bell bought Inchgower for the princely sum of £3,000.
One of Diageo’s ‘Flora & Fauna’ range, it plays a definitive role in the Johnny Walker series of blends.
Located on the lower slopes of Speyside’s sentinel mountain, Benrinnes, ‘The Ben’ is another of those intriguing distilleries which produces a highly individual make but which – due to its demand by blenders – has never become a front-line single malt.
It has six stills which are run in two pairs of three. For years a complex form of partial triple distillation was utilised to help promote a meaty/sulphury new make. The low wines from the first distillation were split into strong and weak feints. The lower-strength portion was redistilled in the middle still and split into two again, with the stronger part [strong feints] being carried forward, and the weaker being retained for the next charge. The strong feints were then mixed with the highest strength distillate from the wash still and redistilled in the spirit still.
Glengoyne Distillery was the 1905 anglicisation of Glenguin Distillery, in itself a renaming of the Burnfoot Distillery in the Campsie Fells, north of Glasgow.
Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Arthur William Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder, GCB (11 July 1890 – 3 June 1967) was born at Glenguin and was commissioned into the British Army. He was granted a peerage as Baron Tedder, of Glenguin in the County of Stirling on 8 February 1946.
Glengoyne whisky played a vital role within Lang Brothers' blends --the best known being Supreme-- and those of Robertson & Baxter (now Edrington).
Single malt bottlings began in the early 1990s when Glengoyne was sold as 'the unpeated malt', while much was also made of the fact that, geographically, the distillery is in the Highlands while its warehouses, directly across the road, are in the Lowlands.
Among its many lines, Munich grocer and delicatessen, Dallmayr, sells a wide range of wine and spirits, including Scotch whisky.
Glen Grant Ltd. was formed in 2005 by Italian beverage manufacturer, Gruppo Campari, following its purchase of Glen Grant distillery. The subsidiary was created to distribute Campari’s drinks portfolio in the UK, northern and eastern European markets, as well as oversee the production and sale of the group’s Scotch whisky brands, which also includes the Old Smuggler blend.
In 2004 Tim Morrison, formerly of Morrison Bowmore Distillers, revived the Dewar Rattray company first established by his ancestor Andrew Dewar Rattray, to bottle single cask, single malt whisky.
The firm also developed Stronachie, a single malt sourced from Benrinnes distillery on Speyside, and intended to replicate whisky produced at the now long-lost Stronachie distillery, located on the old Perthshire/Kinross-shire border.
Andrew Dewar Rattray set up a winery in Glasgow in 1868 and started blending and retailing Scotch whisky.
He also acted as an agent for Stronachie distillery.
The marrying tun in which Glenfiddich 15 is married before bottling is never allowed to be less than half full. A small amount of whisky, therefore, remains from the original 1998 batch that made the first Glenfiddich 15.
Glenfiddich 15 is the only single malt to be aged in three different types of casks—ex-sherry, ex-bourbon, and new oak—and then blended in an oaken solera vat.
Glenburgie was known as Kilnflat from installation till 1871.
Glenburgie’s has been bottled only once and Chivas Bros. has only ever included it in its limited edition Cask Strength series (available only through the firms’ distillery visitors' centres). Glenburgie was sold as Glencraig single malt up to 1981.
Glenburgie was first released as a 15-year-old single malt (alongside expressions from Glentauchers and Miltonduff) in July 2017 under the Ballantine’s brand.
Glenburgie is featured as one of the malts in the Old Smuggler blend.
Glenburgie has been closely associated with the Ballantine’s blend. It has been part of Chivas Brothers since 2005.
Mannochmore was built by DCL in 1971 to cope with increasing demand internationally for blends, and like its sister plant, Glenlossie, it has been closely associated with the Haig and Dimple brands.
Flowers and delicate fruits gain in weight when Mannochmore is matured. Although some older expressions have appeared on occasion, Mannochmore is most commonly seen as a 12-year-old in the Flora & Fauna range.
In 1996, its new make was used in one of the most controversial single malts of the late 20th century – Loch Dhu, the ‘black whisky’. Although the full tale of how the Loch Dhu 10 YO was created has never been told (and is unlikely ever to be revealed), the enthusiastic use of spirit caramel is seen by most as the most likely candidate for the pitch black hue.
A Lowland single malt Scotch whisky, Rutherglen Bridge distillery was situated northwest of Rutherglen bridge, near what is now Glasgow Green, across the Clyde from Richmond Park and Shawfield Stadium.
George Brown held the licence at Rutherglen Bridge from 1817 until he was sequestrated in 1819. The licence subsequently passed to Rutherglen Bridge Distillery Co., which ran the distillery until its closure in 1823.
The marrying tun in which Glenfiddich 15 is married before bottling is never allowed to be less than half full. A small amount of whisky, therefore, remains from the original 1998 batch that made the first Glenfiddich 15.
Chivas Regal debuted as the world’s first luxury brand of blended Scotch whisky (25 YO)before World War I (1909, in the USA) and remains the acknowledged gold standard to this day.
The Glenlivet is the prototypical single malt whisky born in Scotland’s most renowned Highlands river valley, Glenlivet. The Glenlivet by the mid-nineteenth century made Scotland’s malt whiskies the most prized whiskies of all. Even so, the first brand to be marketed as a single malt was Glenfiddich.
James and John Chivas did not own a distillery nor did they distill whisky. They purchased aged whiskies in barrels and then mixed them together to create blended whisky brands. They, or any other member of the Chivas family, had nothing to do with the origin and marketing of the whisky that would be named after them in 1909, decades after their death.
From the last half of the twentieth century up to the present day, succeeding families, specifically the Bronfmans of Canada and the Ricards of France, have confronted the world’s increasingly complex commercial arena by continuing the founding families’ quests and legacies.
Robert Burns, Scotland’s bard, in his late eighteenth century poem Scotch Drink, called the native whisky of Scotland “. . . my Muse! guid auld Scotch Drink . . .”
Greater Scotland includes the 787 islands of the Inner Hebrides, Outer Hebrides, the Orkneys, and the Shetlands. Of these rugged and windswept islands, 130 are inhabited. Six of the inhabited islands—Arran, Islay, Skye, Mull, Orkney, and Jura—currently produce single malt whisky.
Ben Nevis in the western Highlands is Scotland’s highest peak at 1,344 metres.
Scotland has no shortage of peat since peat bogs still cover an estimated 810,000 hectares (over 2 million acres) of the nation’s surface.
Highland malt whisky was frequently shipped in barrels on small commercial vessels from the seaport of Aberdeen to the docks of Leith in Edinburgh. Not surprisingly, it was the Drumin Glenlivet whisky that always seemed to have the biggest share filched from it.
In 1843, Usher & Company ran unapproved print advertisements describing Drumin Glenlivet as “The Real Glenlivat Whisky,” running afoul of GJ Smith’s descendants.
Clear glass bottles were taxed 11 times as much as dark brown and green bottles up to the 1900s in the UK.
Three more vats have been constructed for the Select, Reserve and Vintage Cask range. The vatting cask for the 40-year-old, containing whiskies from the 1920s, is also never fully emptied. Glenfiddich is a late entrant to the whisky world, with its first bottling as late as Christmas Day 1887, even later than Gloag's Famous Grouse.
William Grant of Dufftown left Mortlach to build his own distillery, Glenfiddich, with his wife and 9 children. Their first stills were those sold by Cardhu's Liz Cummings when Cardhu was being upgraded. Working in icy conditions, they managed to get their first new make by Christmas 1887.
Glenfiddich was the first whisky to be sold as a single malt. In the late 1960s, it was one of the first to be sold in new duty-free outlets and in 1969 the distillery’s doors were opened to the public – another first.
Signatory Vintage Scotch Whisky Company is an independent bottler with a vigorous release policy, and usually, some 50 different single malt expressions are available at any one time. Whiskies are bottled across a number of ranges, including the Un-chill Filtered Collection, the Cask Strength Collection and the Single Grain Collection.
Signatory also owns Edradour distillery, near Pitlochry in Perthshire and its bottling, bonding and office facilities are located in a building adjacent to the distillery.
Signatory was initially based in the Newhaven area of Edinburgh, where a bottling plant was developed, but in 2002 the firm acquired Edradour distillery from Pernod Ricard, and subsequently moved all of its operations north to the picturesque Perthshire location.
Signatory Vintage Scotch Whisky was established in 1988 by Andrew Symington and the first cask bottled by Symington was a 1968 Sherry-cask-matured Glenlivet.
Berry Bros & Rudd stocks more than 4,000 wines and spirits and 40 different ranges of own-label wines, as well as own-label spirits under the ‘Berrys' Own Selection’ banner.
Additionally, the company offers the rarely heard of ‘Selected by Berrys' After Dinner Range’ of whiskies, Blue Hanger blended malt, Craoi na Móna single Irish malt whisky and the special edition ‘John Milroy Selection of Scotch Whiskies.’
Berry Bros & Rudd was also the proprietor of the Glenrothes single malt brand for several years in the 2010s, though the distillery itself was owned and operated by The Edrington Group. As of 2017, the brand has been sold back to Edrington.
The company is Britain's oldest wine and spirit merchant, established in the 17th century. Its flagship store has been located at 3 St James's Street, London, since 1698 when it was founded by the Widow Bourne.
A supplier to the Royal Family since the reign of King George III, historic customers have included Lord Byron, William Pitt the Younger and the Aga Khan.
The company’s colourful history encompasses placing wines on board the Titanic, supplying smugglers running alcohol into Prohibition-era America, and sheltering Napoleon III in cellars beneath the shop!
The firm created the Cutty Sark blended whisky in 1923 and pioneered the vintage concept for the Glenrothes single malt.
London-based Elixir Distillers is an independent bottler specialising in whisky, predominantly Scotch but also Japanese, Irish and American whiskies.
Owned by the people behind The Whisky Exchange, Elixir Distillers serves as the home for the creation, blending, bottling and international sales of all spirits created by the company.
The company’s three core whisky brands are Elements of Islay, Port Askaig and The Single Malts of Scotland, while it also bottles navy rum under the Black Tot brand. A short-lived lost Lowlands distillery situated in Banknock, close to Bankier distillery, John Henderson & Co. established Holland Bush distillery in 1827, but the site closed in 1830. Details about what happened to the distillery buildings have been lost.
Craigduff Single Malt Scotch Whisky is an experimental peated Speyside single malt produced for Chivas Brothers in the 1970s, but never officially released as a single malt. A couple of 1973 bottlings were released by Signatory a few years ago and the company believed the malt to have been made at the Strathisla distillery.
However Signatory later claimed that the whisky had actually been produced at fellow Seagram stablemate Glen Keith, a claim denied by Chivas, who continue to insist that it was made at Strathisla.
Another interesting feature of Craigduff is that the whisky was, in a sense, 'double-peated' - not only was peated malt used in production, but some of the water used was peated water brought from Stornaway and run through the wash still to concentrate its peatiness again. This water was added to the wash before distillation.
Peated water was brought in 45 gallon drums from Stornaway, on fishing boats into the port of Buckie. The peated water was run through the small still at Glen Keith, which was coupled to an angled condenser and water driven off to concentrate the peatiness in the remaining water. It is understood that 10 gallons of the concentrated peated water was added to each wash charge.
The drive behind the experimental distillation came from a sister company in Japan.
The only time the Johnnie Walker Red Label carried an age statement was in 1937, eight (8) years old.
Strathisla Single Malt is known to be a tricky customer by blenders as it needs time to hit maturity when its full range of complexities is revealed. This single malt, though seen as 8, 10 and 12 year old bottlings, sold most prominently as a 15 year old.
Stornoway distillery was built between 1825-28 by JA Stewart Mackenzie of Seaforth, and was licenced to the Stornoway Distillery Co. from 1832-37. It was shut down by the local clergy, who disapproved of drinking. After construction began on Lewis Castle in 1844 the distillery was demolished, and the castle’s stables built on the site. Today the castle is a college and the stables, or later buildings, a woodlands centre.
Abhainn Dearg distillery is the Isle of Lewis’ only legal distillery, built in 2008 by Mark Tayburn, who designed and built the stills himself, modelling them on an old illicit still he had discovered. He bottled his first single malt, The Isle of Lewis, a 3 year old in 2010, followed by the Abhainn Dearg single malt in 2011 . A ten year old followed in 2018.
The Isle of Arran was at various times home to more than 50 illicit distilleries, with the only licenced whisky-making facility at Lagg operating from 1825 to 1837.
Situated in Leith, A. Alexander & Co. was a renowned Scotch whisky blender. Its most famous blend was Dandie Dinmont, which was named after a breed of small, Scottish dog, one of which features on the label.
The brand was produced for exactly 100 years; production ended in 1982.
In 2004 Tim Morrison, formerly of Morrison Bowmore Distillers, revived the Dewar Rattray company first established by his ancestor Andrew Dewar Rattray. His aim was to bottle single cask, single malt whisky.
The firm also developed Stronachie, a single malt sourced from Benrrinnes distillery on Speyside, and intended to replicate whisky produced at the now long lost Stronachie distillery, located on the old Perthshire/Kinross-shire border.
The firm has received planning permission to develop a distillery and visitor centre beside the River Clyde in Glasgow.
Morrison also established the Cask Collection label for single cask bottlings, and in 2011 the peated blended malt Cask Islay was released, being transformed into a single malt two years later. 2012 saw the release of a five-year-old blend named Bank Note.
Originally built to aid demand for Bell's blended whisky, Pittyvaich sadly grew surplus to requirements.
Not commonly seen, Pittyvaich shows an estery top note which rises above the classic Bell’s ‘nutty-spicy’ house style. It was bottled – from Sherry casks – as part of the Flora & Fauna range while there are occasional bottlings from Diageo’s annual Special Release programme.
The Queen Anne blend, created by Edinburgh merchants Hill, Thomson & Co. circa 1884 and carried a Royal Warrant, grew to become one of the shining stars of The Glenlivet Distillers’ portfolio.
With access to famous malt whiskies from the Glenlivet, Grant Grant and Longmorn distilleries, later adverts boasted that Queen Anne offered the taste of ‘three of Scotland’s finest malt whiskies in one bottle.’
Hill, Thomson & Co. was established in 1857, though its roots go back to William Hill’s licenced grocer’s shop which opened in 1793. It remained at 45 Frederick Street in the heart of Edinburgh’s New Town for two centuries. It is the oldest grocery that marketed whisky.
It is now believed that George Smith, of The Glenlivet fame, was a talented and possibly the most shrewd smuggler whose clandestine pursuits remained cleverly concealed.
In 1816 George had a daughter, Helen, out of wedlock. The parish clerk did not record the name of the mother. The child’s fate remains unknown.
In 1820, the Duke of Gordon, the owner of Upper Drumin and many other properties scattered throughout Banffshire, Inverness and Aberdeen, infamous for illicit distillation of aqua vitae, promised in the House of Lords that if the Government would make it more favourable for illicit distillers to become legitimate, then he and his fellow landowners would uphold the law as diligently as they could, and evict anyone convicted of illicit distilling.
The Excise Act of 1823 was preceded by the Illegal Distillation Act of 1822 wherein the penalty for anyone apprehended while in possession of illicit whisky was jacked up to an impossible £200 and £100 to anyone owning an unlicensed pot still. George IV, King of Great Britain, interceded on behalf of the smugglers/moonshiners and stalled that Act to allow the Excise Act of 1823 be passed.
In 1822, according to the Scotch Whisky Industry Record, there were 4,867 smuggling-related prosecutions.
The effects of the two new Acts were very soon obvious. The number of licensed distilleries in Scotland doubled in two years, and production of duty-paid whisky rose from two million gallons to six million gallons per annum. Illicit distillation fell dramatically during the next few years, with an astonishing 14,000 detections being made in 1823 . . . but only 692 in 1834, and just six in 1874.
From 1644 to 1823, over 30 separate and amending pieces of distilling legislation had been drawn up and implemented, first by the Parliament of Scotland prior to 1707 and then after 1707 by the Parliament of Great Britain.
Cardow Distillery in Knockando (today known as Cardhu) was Speyside’s first distillery to be licensed under the Act.
Three prominent smugglers who went legal were Peter McKerron, James McHardy, and James McPherson and faced off with their earlier counterparts. McKerron’s distillery at Whitehouse in Aberlour was destroyed; McPherson assaulted badly and McHardy’s distillery at Corgarff Castle razed to the ground in 1826. All three left the industry.
Croftbain, Braeval, and Stobbie distilleries in Glenlivet and Coul and Achfad in Morange, Banffshire downed shutters thereafter.
Queen Anne was an 8 YO, alongside the bestselling 12 YO, Something Special, and was being sold in over 100 countries by the 1980s.
44 bottles (70cl @40% ABV) of Scotch Whisky are shipped from Scotland to around 180 markets around the world each second, totalling over 1.3bn every year.
Laid end to end those bottles would stretch about 377,000kms - that's 98% of the distance to the moon!
In 2021, Scotch Whisky exports were worth £4.5bn.
In 2021, Scotch Whisky accounted for 75% of Scottish food and drink exports, 22% of all UK food and drink exports, and 1.4% of all UK goods exports.
The Scotch Whisky industry provides £5.5bn in gross value added (GVA) to the UK economy.
More than 11,000 people are directly employed in the Scotch Whisky industry in Scotland and over 42,000 jobs across the UK are supported by the industry.
7,000 of these jobs in rural areas of Scotland provide vital employment and investment to communities across the Highlands and Islands.
All numbers have gone up starting early 2022. According to SWA data, on average the equivalent of 53 bottles of Scotch Whisky are exported every second -- up from 44 per second in 2021. Bottled Blended Scotch Whisky accounts for 59 per cent of value exports, with Single Malt 32 per cent of all Scotch whisky exports by value.
Amrut Spectrum single malt whisky is the world’s first-ever multi-wood barrel whisky using staves from four different types of wood.
Around 90% of barley requirements of the industry are sourced in Scotland.
In 2019, there were 2.2 million visits to Scotch Whisky distilleries, making the industry the third most popular tourist attraction in Scotland.
Some 22 million casks lie maturing in warehouses in Scotland waiting to be discovered - that is around 12bn 70cl bottles.
There are currently 140 operating Scotch Whisky distilleries across Scotland. Numerous mini-distilleries are springing up, both in Scotland and Great Britain, also selling Gin to keep its till turning up to distillation of its whisky.
Glen Mhor's history is very much tied up with its neighbour Glen Albyn. It was established in Inverness in 1892 by John MacKinlay and John Birnie, a former distillery manager at Glen Albyn who had left in a fit of pique after being refused a share in the distillery by owners Gregory & Co.
The name is pronounced Glen Vawr.
An event of poetic justice occurred in 1920 when Birnie and MacKinlay took over Glen Albyn from Gregory & Co, and Birnie finally got his hands on the distillery he had walked out on.
In 1954 Glen Mhor became the first distillery to install Saladin Box Maltings, which were used until 1980.
It was demolished in 1988.
World’s Largest Private
Whisky Collection Sold for $4.5 Million:
A collection of 9,000 bottles of whisky was sold in 23
auctions over the course of more than a year, ending in November 2021. This
collection was put together by a mysterious Pat over the course of 15 years.
Earlier this century, the collector, who still wishes to remain anonymous,
became enamoured of whisky, and set about acquiring bottles he could drink and
share with friends and family. The more he sampled, the more his passion grew,
until he’d amassed more than 9,000 bottles from all over the globe, including
more than 150 Scotch distilleries. At the time of the sale, the collection was
widely considered the world’s largest and most diverse.
It included 5,000 single malts, 1,000 blended whiskies and over 600 American whiskeys.
Bon Accord was a successful enterprise for its time, producing more than 300,000 gallons (roughly 1.4 million litres) a year on its four pot stills, mostly sold duty-free on ships as Cock O’ The North.
Cock O’ the North – a brand name once used by Bon Accord – was revived in recent years, this time applied to a whisky liqueur.
This whisky liqueur was created by one of Scotland's most famous clans, the Gordons, whose Chief has been known for centuries as "The Cock O the North". The present Chief, and Cock O the North is the Marquis of Huntly.
This whisky liqueur is made with Speyside single malt whisky and Scottish blaeberry fruit. May be had straight, as a hot toddy or poured over ice.
A century ago the ancient highland town of Kingussie was dominated not by a castle, but by a distillery, The Speyside Distillery. An imposing late Victorian edifice, it had access to railway sidings from where the very finest malt whisky was transported to all points of the British Empire.
Today, the whisky is made on the banks of the River Tromie, in an old-fashioned manner. The stills are among the smallest in Scotland, there are not even warehouses.
Virtually unseen as a single malt – it has appeared under the Drumguish and Glentromie labels and is the liquid in the Loch Dhu ‘homage’ Cu Dubh.
The mature spirit has appeared, incognito, in blends across Asia, has been launched in Mongolia, is a single malt range (called ‘Spey’) in Taiwan, and has been added to neutral spirit to produce Bhutanese whisky.
Probably the worst-timed decision to set up shop was by Watt Independent Bottlers in Campbeltown in Dec 2019, just before the Covid-19 pandemic broke out. Brexit was round the corner, 1 February 2020.
Despite the vast numbers of distilleries that have been established there over the centuries, there has never been an independent bottler established in the town other than Cadenhead’s, who moved there in 1972 from Aberdeen.
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| NINE BOTTLES NINE COLOURS ON THE LABELS |
Watt groups their whiskies by colour, instead of the usual regions. They have come up with 9 different colours of taste buds with 3 colours in each, i.e., 27 different colours to choose from. If the blendmaster smells their defined olive green on the nose of the whisky, that will be reflected on the lower label of the whisky, the theory being that if you like one of their whiskies with a green label then you will possibly like others in the same colour spectrum.
The world’s best-selling whisky, Johnnie Walker, sold more than 20m nine-litre cases in 2013 – equivalent to more than 450 bottles every minute.
The distinctive triangular bottle used by Grant’s was designed by Hans Schleger, a refugee from Nazi Germany, to show off the colour of the whisky – and to allow for easy packing.
Cutty Sark was created by London wine merchant Berry Bros & Rudd as a lighter blend to appeal to American consumers during Prohibition – but its distinctive yellow label was originally a printer’s error.
Suntory has created its very own yeast strain: Suntoryeus Lactobacillus.
During World War II, many bourbon distilleries were converted in order to make fuel and penicillin.
Kentucky is home to more barrels of maturing bourbon than people. However, with a population of 5.4 million, and more than 20 million barrels of whisky in store, Scotland has almost four casks of whisky per citizen.
Early in 2018, the world’s first regulated whisky investment fund was launched. Single Malt Fund allows investors to buy a small part of a bigger collection of rare and limited-edition whiskies.
Some 43 per cent of German tourists in Scotland visit a distillery while visiting, making it the second most popular activity for the demographic.
The Jack Daniel’s distillery is located in a ‘dry county’, meaning alcohol sales therein are prohibited. An exception has been made for the distillery.
The first Scottish distillery to install a Coffey Still was the Grange Distillery, which fell silent in 1851.
There are over 300,000 varieties of barley but only a few are suitable for malt whisky production.
The year 1994 marked 500 years since the first written reference to Scotch whisky was penned. Many producers released anniversary bottlings. The first written reference to uisgea beatha was in 1404, in Ireland.
In Victorian times, some Scottish distilleries allowed workers to stop for a dram each time a bell rang.
Distilled alcoholic beverages made from gluten grains are gluten-free due to distillation removing gluten proteins.
Wild Turkey relies on the same strain of live yeast for a consistent quality across its bourbons. It therefore makes sense that there’s an emergency plan in case anything happens to its Kentucky distillery: the company has secret stashes of its proprietary yeast hidden all across the country.
The famous red-wax sealed Maker’s Mark bottle was designed by the distillery owner’s wife, Margie Samuels. Samuels wanted something that would stand out in the liquor store and reassure drinkers that this bourbon was quality made. She also came up with the name, which comes from the “mark of the maker,” a signature that indicates a product is handmade.
The Keeper of the Quaich is awarded to those who make an outstanding contribution to the Scotch whisky industry for at least five years and outstanding Keepers may progress to become Masters of the Quaich.
Kentucky Colonel is the highest title of honour bestowed by the Commonwealth of Kentucky, given in recognition of noteworthy accomplishments and outstanding service to a community, state or the nation. Many bourbon industry figures have been honoured with it.
After Prohibition ended, 69-year-old James B. Beam got his distillery up and running in just 120 days.
Joe Sheridan, a head chef in Foynes, County Limerick claims to have invented and named the Irish Coffee. A group of American passengers disembarked from a Pan Am flying boat on a miserable winter evening in the 1940s, so Sheridan added whiskey to their coffee. When they asked if they were being served Brazilian coffee, Sheridan replied, ‘No, Irish coffee”.
The Suntory Yamazaki distillery’s first master distiller, Masataka Taketsuru, studied in Scotland before deciding to bring the craft home to Japan.
In June 1875, a bonded warehouse in the Liberties caught fire, and rivers of burning whiskey flowed through the streets of Dublin like lava. Titled The Great Dublin Whiskey Fire, the disaster resulted in the tragic loss of 13 lives and 1,900 casks of whiskey.
George Washington was the only founding father to commercially operate a distillery. It was one of the biggest distilleries of its time, but was unfortunately destroyed by a fire a few years after opening.
Ireland’s Old Bushmills Distillery claims to be the country’s oldest legally functioning distillery. Operations on the present site date back to 1276 by some accounts.
Pot still whiskey is made by combining both malted and unmalted barley in the mashbill, prior to fermentation, and then distilling in traditional copper pot stills.
The monopoly once in sole charge of producing Finnish alcohol (including whisky) was also responsible for the production of Molotov cocktails for its military.
Renowned Victorian Illustrator, Tom Browne, drew a picture of a striding man on a menu during lunch with Lord Stevenson, one of Johnnie Walker’s directors. This eventually became the striding man you see on the bottle today.
Bailey’s Irish Cream – a blend of cream and Irish whiskey – did not come into existence until 1974. It was the first Irish cream to be commercialised.
The record for most expensive whisky cocktail sold is a refresh of the traditional Manhattan made with a 55-year-old Macallan served at Dubai’s Skyview Bar. Costing £4,632, the posh concoction was stirred with a very special oak stick from a cask of Macallan. It was also served with ice made from the same water used to produce the single malt whisky it contains.
In a study published by the journal Chem, researchers used fluorescent dyes to map age, area of origin and taste of drams from the US, Scotland and Ireland. They hope to harness these findings and develop a method of detecting counterfeit whisky and other alcohol.
In 2017 Scottish scientists powered a car using a biofuel derived from whisky residue.
The world’s largest collection of Scotch whisky is known as ‘the Perfect Collection with a staggering 3,384 bottles.
The record for the smallest bottle goes to White Horse, who produced a bottle containing just 1.3 millilitres of whisky.
The record for the largest bottle of whisky goes to the distillers of Famous Grouse, who created 1.7-metre bottle containing 228 litres of whisky.
You can earn an academic degree in distilling.
The pepper mash in Tabasco sauce is aged in Jack Daniel’s barrels before it is then made into the sauce distributed all over the world.
One of the oldest bottles of Scotch whisky, the Old Vatted Glenlivet 1862, was opened in 2017. Drops of the rare whisky were captured inside 50 Swiss watches, the most expensive of which cost more than £35,000.
The Guinness World Record for the oldest bottle of whisky in the world belongs to the Glenavon Special Liqueur Whisky. Bottled between 1851 and 1858, it sold at auction for an astounding £14,850.
Canadian whisky was once known as ‘brown vodka’.
The Royal Brackla Distillery in Nairn, Scotland is situated in the Cawdor Estate, the home of the fictional Thane of Cawdor, Macbeth, in Shakespeare’s play.
World Whisky Day was founded in 2012 and falls on the third Saturday of May each year. In 2015, World Whisky Day events were registered on all seven continents. In 2018, World Whisky Day was celebrated in 47 different countries by more than 25,000 people.
World Whisky Day's assets were sold in February 2015 to the drinks magazine, Hot Rum Cow.
The day was recognised by Members of the Scottish Parliament in a motion in May 2014 and again in 2015.
A World Whisky Day blend was produced in 2012, 2013 and 2014 by Master of Malt.
The day publicly supports the charitable organisation Just a Drop.
The larger distilleries are not set up to bottle single casks which can contain as little as 350 bottles from one Hogshead. This is where an independent bottler can source casks, sample the spirit, and choose to bottle straight away or finish it in new and different casks, sometimes as a single malt or blending with other distilleries casks to create a unique blend.
Just three bottles of The Dalmore 64 were ever produced, and it smashed the record for most expensive whisky ever sold when it became the first bottle to sell for six figures in October 2010. The Dalmore 64 “contains spirit dating from 1868, 1878, 1926 and 1939”, making The Dalmore Trinitas “as exceptional as it is rare.”
Released by independent bottler Hunter Laing, only 267 bottles of The Sovereign were produced. This limited run of single grain Scotch whisky is over 50 years old, making it one of the oldest whiskies in the world. Aged in a refilled bourbon barrel and bottled at cask strength, The Sovereign has an ABV of 49.2%.
A large cask, e.g., a Hogshead, leaves less contact between whisky and wood, meaning the whisky matures more slowly. A barrel, 180–200 litres, also known as an American Standard Barrel (ASB), is commonly used for bourbon and is made from American oak. As these casks cannot be re-used to make bourbon, they often experience a second life maturing Scotch whisky.
A hogshead, 225–250 litres, is made by taking apart ex-bourbon barrels to create one bigger cask. The Scotch whisky industry often prefers larger casks for ageing as this allows more whisky to be aged in the warehouse.
Nobody can be certain how charring first came about as a practice, but it’s become integral to the modern whisky making process. In fact, ageing in a charred oak barrel is one of the legal requirements for bourbon. Charring is carried out not to create a smoky flavour, but to prime the wood.
Bourbon barrels invariably produce a vanilla flavor and taste. That’s because lignin, the source of vanillin (vanilla), produces a higher level of flavour the longer a barrel is charred.
Toffee, butterscotch and caramel notes come from hemicellulose, which breaks down into wood sugars in the presence of intense heat. The resting bourbon absorbs these sugars from the barrel interior’s caramelised surface as it ages.
The location of a cask plays a key role in how the end product will turn out. Natural compounds in the wood will seep into the whisky inside, giving it its own unique flavour. If the warehouse is next to the sea, on an island or in the middle of the Highlands, then the air quality, temperature and humidity will be different and will influence the end product.
If you’re a big fan of whisky and salty flavourings then who knows, ‘Fishky’ whisky could be your ideal dram! Starting life as Bruichladdich whisky, the sherry cask it was in was sold to a buyer in Germany, who put it into a cask that used to hold salted herring. Allegedly, this was in tribute to the story that early Scottish distillers occasionally used herring casks to mature their whisky. It matured in the cask for three months before being bottled in 2007 and sold as ‘Fishky’.
Reindeer horn whisky doesn’t hail from the freezing tundra, but it is in fact a product of South-East Asia. The spirit is made with traditional Thai rice grain, which is infused with reindeer antlers for several months before being drunk.
The horns are believed to promote health benefits such as increased vitality and virility, and some also think drinking reindeer horn whisky can reflect favourably on your social status. In terms of taste, it’s said to have a rich, earthy finish and a slight taste of liquorice. Definitely up there on the unusual whiskies list!
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